Chapter 20 Microbial Diseases Of The Nervous System And Eyes

Front 1

The nervous system is divided in two kinds of systems, what are they?

Back 1

the central nervous system, and the peripheral nervous system

Front 2

what is the central nervous system composed of?

Back 2

the brain, and spinal cord

Front 3

what surrounds the brain and spinal chord

Back 3

bones of the cranium, bones of the betebral column, and three layers of tissue called meminges

Front 4

what are the three layers of mininges called, and name them in order from outer layer to inner layer.

Back 4

dura mater, arachnoid mater, pia mater

Front 5

the blood vessels that supply the CNS, that contain walls of tightly joined cells form the.......

Back 5

blood-brain barrier

Front 6

the blood-brain barrier prevents most microbes from entering the......

Back 6

Cerebral spinal fluid (CSF)

Front 7

CSF can be romoved from the lumbar region of the spinal chord in a medical procedure called a

Back 7

spinal tap

Front 8

What is the peripheral nervous system composed of (PNS)

Back 8

motor nerves and sensory nerves

Front 9

What does a motor nerve do?

Back 9

Transfers commands from the CNS to muscles and other organs throughout the body

Front 10

what do sensory nerves do?

Back 10

transmitt information to the CNS concerning events in the body and environmental stimuli

Front 11

what do mixed nerves do?

Back 11

they carry signals both toward and away from the CNS

Front 12

Branches of nerves often merge together to form a...

Back 12

nerve plexus

Front 13

the entire nervous system is composed of two types of cells, what are they?

Back 13

Neuroglia and Neurons

Front 14

......are supporting cells that provide scaffoilding, insulation, nutrition, or defense

Back 14

Neuroglia

Front 15

...are cells that generate and transmit nerve impulses

Back 15

Neurons

Front 16

grouped together, nerve cell bodies form a.....

Back 16

ganglion

Front 17

extensions from nerve cells....a long one and shorter ones

Back 17

dendrites are the short extensions, while the axon is the longer extension

Front 18

What does the dendrite do?

Back 18

Carries impulses toward cell body.

Front 19

What does the axon do?

Back 19

Carries impulses away from cell body

Front 20

What is axonal transport?

Back 20

the cytoskeleton transport of substances, within an axon

Front 21

The terminal ends that form junctions with muscle cells, gland cells, and other neurons is called

Back 21

synapses

Front 22

the space between an axon and a neighboring cell is called....

Back 22

synaptic cleft

Front 23

The bridge the gap of the synaptic cleft, what is needed for communication to take place?

Back 23

neurotransmitters

Front 24

the central nervous system is an axenic environment...which means....

Back 24

it has no normal microbiota

Front 25

microbes in the blood or lymph my penetrate the blood-brain barrier by infecting and killing cells of the meninges, causing what

Back 25

meningitis

Front 26

this is an inflammatory bacterial infection of the meninges, most commonly the pia and arachnoid mater, an increased number of white blood cells in the CSF is charcteristic, somtimes petechiae may occcure, what am I?

Back 26

bacterial meningitis

Front 27

small hemorrages of blood vessels in the skin is...

Back 27

petechiae

Front 28

infection of the brain is called........

Back 28

encephalitis

Front 29

Name some bacteria that cause meningitis

Back 29

Streptococcus pnemoniae, Neisseria meningitidis, Haemophilus influenzae, Listeria monocytogenes, and Streptoccocus agalactiae

Front 30

Which meningitis bacteria enters the body through contaminated food or drink, and causes a form of meningitis called listeroisis

Back 30

Listeria monocytogenes

Front 31

Hansen's Disease is also known as.....

Back 31

Leprosy

Front 32

What bacterial causes Hansels Disease (Leprosy)

Back 32

Mycobacterium leprae

Front 33

Patients with a strong cell-mediated immune response to leprosy develop a non progressive form of the disease called....

Back 33

tuberculoid leprosy

Front 34

patients with a weak cell-mediated response to leprosey develop...........

Back 34

lepromatous leprosy

Front 35

diagnosis of leprosy is based on loss of sensation, disfigurement, and the rpesence of...........

Back 35

Acid-fast rods (AFRs)

Front 36

________is not an infection, but instead an intoxication cause by a________ of _________

Back 36

Botulism, Neurotoxin, Clostridium botulinum

Front 37

what does Botulism do?

Back 37

it progressively paralyzes skeletal muscles

Front 38

What are the three forms of bolulism?

Back 38

food-born, infan, and wound botulism

Front 39

What does treatment of botulism entail?

Back 39

1. repeated washing of the intestinal tract to remove Clostridium

2. administration of botulism immune globulin intraveneously (BIG-IV)

3. administration of antimicrobial drugs, in infant and wound botulism

Front 40

Tetanus is caused by what?

Back 40

Clostridium tetani

Front 41

severe muscle contraction, initially affecting the jaw, and neck muscles (called lockjaw) are symptoms of...........

Back 41

tetanus

Front 42

tetanospasmin is a neurotoxin associated with...

Back 42

tetanis

Front 43

why are there more viral infections of the nervous system, than bacterial or fungal infections?

Back 43

viruses are smaller than cels, they can more readily cross the blood-brain barrier

Front 44

......this kind of meningitis is more common thanbacterial and gungal meningitis, and is usually milder

Back 44

viral meningitis

Front 45

what is another name for viral miningitis?

Back 45

aseptic meningitis

Front 46

about 90% of cases of viral meningitis occurs from....

Back 46

enteroviruses

Front 47

poliovirus is also called by this same genre of virus that causes viral meningitis it is.........

Back 47

enterovirus

Front 48

polio is also known as

Back 48

poliomyelitis

Front 49

poliomyelitis (polio) comes in 4 forms....they are

Back 49

1. asymptomatic infection (90%)

2. minor polio

3. nonparalytic polio

4. paralytic polio

Front 50

..........this is a muscle deterioration that affects polio patients 30-40 years after their original illness

Back 50

Postpolio syndrome

Front 51

._____ virus is a negative, ssRNA virus in the genus Lyssavirus

Back 51

Rabies

Front 52

this is a degenerative neurologic disease characterized by pain or itching at the site of infection,

Back 52

rabies

Front 53

rabies is ______, that is , a dieseas spread from animal reservoirs to humans

Back 53

zoonosis

Front 54

Anthropod-born viruses, called ________ are transmitted between

Back 54

arboviruses

Front 55

What are some examples of arboviral encephalitis?

Back 55

Eastern equine encephalitis and West Nile virus

Front 56

Fungi rarely infect the central nervous system, occasionally ______ (fungal diseases) spread from the lngs via the blood to the meninges.

Back 56

mycoses

Front 57

what causes cryptococcal meningitis?

Back 57

Cryptococcus neoformans, a yeast

Front 58

Protozoan infections of the nervous system are relatively _________

Back 58

rare

Front 59

What causes African sleeping sickness?

Back 59

Trypanosoma brucie

Front 60

What is the fly that spreaks african sleeping sickness?

Back 60

tsetse fly

Front 61

african sleeping sickness is characterized by....

Back 61

fever, swollen lymph nodes and headaches

Front 62

What to amoebae cause PAM (primary amebic menigoencephalopathy)

Back 62

Acanthamoeba and Naegleria

Front 63

What is a prion?

Back 63

an infectious protein

Front 64

In sheep prions cause a disease called _________

Back 64

scrapie

Front 65

in cattle prions cause........

Back 65

mad cow disease

Front 66

Bothe scapie and mad cow disease are classified

Back 66

spongiform encephalpathies

Front 67

________ disease is a naturally occuring dementia that strike about one person in a million at approximately 60 years of age

Back 67

Creutzfeldt-Jacok

Front 68

________is contracted from eating the contaminated meat of animals infected with preions

Back 68

new variant creutzfeldt-jakob disease

Front 69

the _______ tunic of the eye provides a tough barrier against microbes

Back 69

fibrous

Front 70

the fibrous tunic consists of

Back 70

sclera and cornea

Front 71

the ________ lines the back side of the yelids and all but the center of the cornea

Back 71

conjunctiva

Front 72

interior of they has two fluid filled chambers called

Back 72

humors

Front 73

the back inner wall of the eye is the_______

Back 73

retina

Front 74

______is the leading cause of nontraumatic blindness in humans

Back 74

trachoma

Front 75

_________is responsible for trachoma development in new borns

Back 75

Chlamydia trachomatis

Front 76

________is an inflamaton of the conjunctiva due to infection with any of a variety of bacteria, fungi viruses or protozoa, also known as pink eye

Back 76

conjunctivitis

Front 77

____is the infflamation of the cornea

Back 77

keratitis