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92 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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The two most important functions of the lymphatic system would be?
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maintenance of fluid balance (internal Evironment
Immunity |
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Most of the fluid with in the (IF) is absorbed by what two things before it is allowed to flow out of the tissue?
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1. by tissue cells
2. absorbed by blood |
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Lymphatic system is component of the circulatory system because it consists of a moving fluid (lymph) dervied from what three things?
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1. blood
2. tissue fluid 3. group of vessles (lymphatics) that return the lympth to the blood |
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A type of tetricular tissue that contains lypmphoctyes and other specialized cells?
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Lymphoid tissue
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Lymph nodes can be found allow side what inside the body?
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along paths of the collection lympahtic vessles
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What is Aggreagted Lymphoid nodules?
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Isolated nodules of lymphatic tissue
called Peyer's patches intestinal wall |
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What other additional lymphoid structures help out in the body?
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1. tonsils
2. thymus 3. spleen 4. bone marrow |
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What does the lymphatic system drain back to the general ciruculation? (TEST)
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1. Fluid
2. Proteins 3. Fats 4. other substances |
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When it comes to flow, how does lymph differ agains gerneral circulation system?
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Lymph vessels do not
1. form a closed ring 2. circuit 3. they begin blindly in the intercellular spaces of the soft tissues |
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This is a clear, watery - appearing fluid found in the lymphatic vessles?
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Lymph (lymph fluid)
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This substance is a complex and organized material, that is important part of the ECM (extracellular matrix). What is it?
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Intersitial fluid
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What two substance consituties the extracelluar fluid compartment of the body?
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1. IF
2. blood plasma |
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Both lymph and IF resembles what in the body?
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1. blood plasm in compostition
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Characteristics of Lymph?
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1. isotonic
2. identical in chemical compostion to IF |
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The average comcentration of protein iw what in the lymph taken from the thoracic duct?
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1. 4g/100ml
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Eleveated protein level of thoraici duct lymph result from protein-rich lymph flowing in to the duct of what two areas? (TEST)
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1. liver
2. small intestines |
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How much on daily total of lymph flows thorugh the thoracic duct?(TEST)
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2800-3000 ml
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Simple called Lymphatics?
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Lympathtic vessels
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Where does lymphatic vessels orginiated from?(TEST)
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microscopic blind-end vessels called
Lympathatic capillaries |
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What makes up the wall of the lymphatic capillary?
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single layer of flattened endothelial cells
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True or false:
Lymphatic and blood capillary are not independent of each other and neither one lies around the other? |
false
they lie side-by-side but always independent of each other |
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Lymph from the upper right quandrant of the body empty where in the body?(TEST)
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right lymphatic ducr (three collecting ducts)
2. Right Subclavian vein |
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Cisterna chyli is synomonous with what other word?
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chyle cistern
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Lymphatics resemble veins in structure with these expections?(TEST)
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1. Lymphatics have thinner wall
2. contain more valves 3. contain lymph nodes located at certain interveal along their course |
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THe lymphatic capillary wall is formed howa?
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single layer of large but very thin and flat endothelial cells
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What type materila is found in both the tunica media and the tunica adventitia of the large lympathtic vessles wall?
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1. Interlacing elastic fibers
2. strata circular smooth muscle bundles |
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These structurs gives the vessels a somewhat varicose and beaded apperance?
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semilunar valves that are numerous
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What is unique about lymphatic vessels?
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1. most lymph vessels
Capcicity to repair and regenerate |
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Formation of new lymphatic vessels occurs by what process?
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extension of solid cellular cors, or "sprouts" formed by mitotic division of endothelial cells
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How does Protein molecuels get back to the circulartory system?
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Via the lymphatics
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What happens if lymphatic system is blocked?
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blood protein concentration and blood osomotic pressure soon fall below normal,
fluid imbalance and death will result |
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These are lympahtics in the villi of the small intestine?(TEST)
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Lacterls
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What is the function of a Lacteal?
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absorption of
1 fats 2. other nutrients |
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The milky lymph found in lacteals after digestion contains what percent of fat?
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1-2%
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This miliky lymph containing 1-2% of fat is called?
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CHYLE
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How of total blood proteins leak out of capillaries into the tissue fluid and return to the blood by way of lymphatic vessels?
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50%
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Lymph flows thorough progressively larger lyphatic vessles to eventually reenter blood at what junction?
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internal jugular
subclavian veins |
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How fast does lymph flows thorugh the thoracic duct, entering the general circulation a the rate?
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3 liter/day
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Flow of lymph may be called?
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Lymphokinesis
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Are isolated nodules of lympathic tissue such as AGGREGATED LYMPHOID nodules that are located in the intestinal wall?
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Peyer's patches (TEST)
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Additional lymphoid structurs included?
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tonsils
thymus spleen bone marrow |
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What constitutes the ECM of the body?
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IF and blood plasma
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Big difference between Blood plasma and Intersitial fluid?
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It has lower percetnage of proteins than plasma
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Lymphatic vessles originate as microscopic blind-end vessels called?
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lympathtic capillaries
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The wall of each lymphatic capillary consist of what type of cells?
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single layer of flattened endothelial cells
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Lymphatic vessles are located where?
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in the INtercelluar (IF) spaces and widely distrubuted thorugh out the body
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Lymph from the UPPER right quadrant of the body empties where?
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right lympathtic duct (three collection ducts)
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Why is the thoracic duct do larger?
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Most of thelymph of the body returns to the bloodstream by way this route,
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The thoracic duct orginiates from what location?
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Cisterna chyli or chyle cistern
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What substnace can only make it back to the blood stream, by route of the lymphatic system?
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Protein
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If these ducts are blocked, what is the outcome?
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blood protein concentration and blood osmotic pressure soon fall below normal and fluid imbalance and death will result
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What is found in the lymphatics in the villi of the small intestine?
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Lacteals
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What is the fucntion of Lacteals?
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absorption of fats and other nutrients.
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Each day, what percent of the total blood proteins leak out of the capillaries into the tissue fluid and return tot he blood by way of lymphatic tissue?
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50%
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What two mechanisms help lymph flow to happen?
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Respiration movments
Skeletal muscle contraction (milking) |
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Flow of lymph is called?
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lymphokinesis
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What factor influences the rate of lymph flow?
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rate flow or ejection is proportional to the depth of inspiration
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What helps lymph to pulse rhythmically and thus help move lymph from one valved segement to the next?
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contraction of smooth muslce in the thoracic vessel walls
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What other factors contribute to the lymphatic pump?
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IF pressure
arterial pulsations postural changes passive compression (massage) |
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What is the range of size for lymph nodes?
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1 mm to more than 20mm
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How does lymph flow into the node?
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by way of serveral afferent lympathic vessles
emerges by one efferent vessles |
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Fiborus septa, extend from the covering capsule toward the center of the node? What is this structure?
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Trabeculae
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What does Trabecuale serpated?
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Cortical nodules
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Each cortical nodule is composed of packed lymphoctyes that surround a less dense are called?
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Gerninal center
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Nodes just infront of the ear, they drain the superficial tissue and skin on the lateral side of the head and face?
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Preauricualr lymph
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In the floor of the mouth, lymph from the nose, lips, teeth drains through these nodes?
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Submental and Sub maxillary group
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In the neck along the Sternocleidomastiod muslce--nodes drain lymp from the head and neck?
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Superficial cerviacl lymph
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Nodes located just above the bend of the elbow--lymph from the forearm passes thorugh these nodes?
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Superficial cubital lymph (supratrochlear lymph )
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20-30 large nodes clustered deep within the underarm and upper chest, lymph from the arm and upper part of the thoracic wall including the breast
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Axillary lymph nodes
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Lymph nodes perform at least two distinct fucntions?
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defense
hematopoiesis |
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What is part of the Defense functions?
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Filtration
Phagocytosis |
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Lymph nodes physically stop particles from progressing farther in the body--a process called?
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mechanical filtration
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Infection of the NODE?
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Adenitis
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The lymphoid tissue of lymph nodes serves as the site of what?
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final stages of maturation for some type of lymphocytes and monocytes
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Breast-mammary gland and surrounding tissues--is drained by the following two sets of lymphatic vessels called?
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Cutaneous lymphatic--
Subareolar plexus |
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What does the cutaneous lymphatic plexus drian what?
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superficial vessesl drain lymph from the skin and surface areas of the breast converge to form
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What percent of the lymph from the breast enters the lymph nodes of the axillary region?
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85%
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Most of the remainder of lymph enters lymph nodes along what area?
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lateral edges of the sternum
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What is located in a protective ring under the mucous membranes in the mouth and back of the throat?
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tonsils
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This ring of tonsils is called?
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pharyngela lymphoid ring
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The pharyngeal tonsils, if become swollen are near the posterior opening of the nasal cavity, called?
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Adenoids
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What is the primary organ of the lymphatic system?
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Thymus
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Where is the thymus located?
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mediastinum, extending up into the neck as far as the lower edge of the thyroid galnd
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Its size RELATIVE to the rest of the body is largest in a child about what age?
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2 years old
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Absolute size is largest by what age?
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Puberty,
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After puberty, from then oun it gradually atrophies until advanced age, it may be largely replaced by fat. This process is called?
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Involution
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Another name for Hassall's corpuscles?
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Thymic corpuscels
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This structures critical part in the body's defense against infections---in its vial immunity mechanism?
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Thymus
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The thymus performs at least two important functions?
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Final site for lymphocyte development before birht
Second-soon after birth the thymus begins secreting a group of hormones (collectively the thymosin) |
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Where is the spleen located in the body?
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left hypochondrium of the abdominopelivc cavity,
directly below the diaphragm |
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What are the functions of the spleen?
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Defense
Hematopoisis red blood cell platelet destruction blood reservior |
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The spleen holds about how much blood?
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350ml
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