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48 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Electric charge
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Causes subatomic particles such as protons and electrons to attract or repel each other
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Electric force
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Force of attraction or repulsion
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Electric field
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The effect of an electric charge on other charges
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Static electricity
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Study of the behavior of electric charges
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Law of conservation of charge
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The total charge in an isolated system is constant
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Induction
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A transfer of charge without contact between materials
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Electric current
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A continues flow of electric charge
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Direct current
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When charge flows only in one direction
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Alternating current
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A flow of electric charge that regularly reverses its direction
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Electrical conductor
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A material through which charge can flow easily
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Electrical insulator
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A material through which charge cannot flow easily
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Resistance
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Opposition to the flow of charges in a material
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Superconductor
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A material that has almost zero resistance when it is cooled to low temperatures
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Potential difference
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The difference in electrical potential energy between two places in an electric field
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Voltage
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Measured in volts, potential difference is also called voltage
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Battery
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A device that converts chemical energy to electrical energy
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Ohm's Law
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The voltage (V) in a circuit equals the production of the current (I) and the resistance (R).
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Electric circuit
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A complete path through which charge can flow
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Series circuit
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Charge has only one path through which it can flow
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Parallel circuit
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An electric circuit with two or more paths through which charges can flow
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Electric power
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The rate at which electrical energy is converted to another form of energy
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Fuse
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Prevents current overload in a circuit
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Circuit beaker
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A switch that opens when current in a circuit is too high
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Grounding
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The transfer of excess charge through a conductor to Earth
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Electronics
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The science of using electric current to process or transmit information
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Electronic signal
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Information sent as patterns in the controlled flow of electrons through a circuit
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Analog signal
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A smoothly varying signal produced by continuously changing the voltage or current in a circuit
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Digital signal
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Encodes information as a string of 1's and 0's
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Semiconductor
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A crystalline solid that conducts current only under certain conditions
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Diode
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A solid-state component that combines an n-type and p-type semiconductor
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Transistor
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A solid-state component with three layers of semiconductors
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Integrate circuit
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A think slice of silicon that contains many solid-state components
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Computer
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A programmable device that can store and process information
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Magnetic force
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The force of a magnet exerts on another magnet, on iron or a similar metal, or on moving charges
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Magnetic pole
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Region where the magnet's force is strongest
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Magnetic field
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Strongest near a magnet's poles; will either attract or repel another magnet that enters the field
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Magnetosphere
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The area surrounding Earth that is influenced by this field
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Magnetic domain
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A region that has a very large number of atoms with aligned magnetic field
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Ferromagnetic material
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Can be magnetized because it contains magnetic domains (Ex. iron)
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Electromagnetic force
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Electricity and magnetism are different aspects of a single force
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Solenoid
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A coil of current-carrying wire that produces a magnetic field
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Electromagnet
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A solenoid with a ferromagnetic core
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Galvanometer
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A deice that uses a solenoid to measure small amounts of current
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Electric motor
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A device that uses an electromagnet to turn an axle
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Electromagnetic induction
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The process of generating a current by moving an electrical conductor relative to a magnetic field
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Generator
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A device that converts mechanical energy into electrical energy by rotating a coil of wire in a magnetic field
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Transformer
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A device that increases or decreases the voltage and current of two linked AC circuits
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Turbine
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A device with a fanlike blade that turns when pushed, for example, by water or steam
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