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41 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Six elements that account for 98.5% of the bodies weight |
1. Oxygen 2. Carbon 3. Hydrogen 4. Nitrogen 5. Calcium 6. Phosphorus |
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The _____ energy an electron has the ___________ from the nucleus its orbit lies |
more, farther away |
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radioisotopes definition |
unstable isotopes |
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physical half-life |
the time required for 50% of its atoms to decay to a more stable state |
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biological half-life |
time required for half of it to disappear from the body |
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anion |
particle that gains electrons and acquires a negative charge |
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cation |
a particle that loses electrons and acquires a positive charge |
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ions with ______ charges are attracted to each other and tend to _______ each other through the body |
opposite, follow |
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free radicals |
chemical particles with an odd number of electrons |
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ionic bond |
attraction of a cation to an anion, weak |
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covalent bonds |
formed by the sharing of electrons |
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the strongest bond of all |
nonpolar covalent bond |
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a hydrogen bond is a _____ attraction between a slightl |
weak |
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Van der Waals forces |
weak, brief attractions between neutral atoms |
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Two aspects of water's structure that are particularly important |
1. atoms are joined by polar covalent bonds 2. the molecule is V-shaped |
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solvency |
the ability to dissolve other chemicals |
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adhesion |
tendency of one substance to cling to another |
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cohesion |
the tendency of molecules of the same substance to cling together |
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the solvency of water makes it the body's ________ means of __________ substances |
primarily, transporting |
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Solution |
solute mixed with a solvent |
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Solution is ______ and a colloid is ________ and the suspension is _______________ |
clear, cloudy, cloudy-opaque |
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solution has ____ particles, a colloid has _______ particles, and a suspension has ______ particles |
less than 1 nm, 1-100 nm, 100nm |
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In which of the mixtures will the particles eventually settle? |
suspension |
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Which mixture will have particles that pass through a selectively permeable membrane? |
solution |
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List examples of solution, colloid and suspension |
1. glucose in blood 2. proteins in blood 3. blood cells |
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acid |
a molecule that releases a proton in water (proton donor) |
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base |
a proton acceptor |
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neutral is a pH level of |
7.0 |
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acidic is a pH level of |
below 7.0 |
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basic is a pH level of |
7.0 or above |
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decomposition reactions |
large molecule breaks down into two or more smaller ones ex. AB > A+B |
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synthesis reactions |
two or more small molecules combine to form a larger one ex. A+B> AB |
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exchange reactions |
two molecules exchange atoms or groups of atoms ex. AB + CD > AC +BD |
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reversible reactions |
can go in either direction under different circumstances and are represented with paired arrows |
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metabolism |
all the chemical reactions in the body ` |
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catabolism |
energy-releasing decomposition reactions |
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anabolism |
energy-storing synthesis reaction ex. production of proteins and fat |
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oxidation |
chemical reaction in which a molecule gives up electrons and releases energy |
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oligosaccharides |
short chains of three or more monosaccharides |
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polysaccharides |
long chains of up to a thousand monosaccharides |
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name the three polysaccharides of interest in human physiology |
1. glycogen 2. starch 3. cellulose |