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119 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
anabolism
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process of building up larger proteins from smaller amino acids
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catabolism
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process of breaking down complex nutrients to simpler substances for energy
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What is the cell membrane and its function?
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surrounds, protects, and regulates what comes in and out of a cell
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What are chromosomes?
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rod-like structures in the nucleus that contain regions of DNA called genes. All cells except sex cells have 23 pairs of chromosomes (46 chromosomes).
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What is cytoplasm and its function?
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all material outside the nucleus and enclosed by the cell membrane that carries on the work of the cell
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What is DNA and its function?
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deoxyribonucleic acid; regulates activities of the cell according to its sequence
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What is the endoplasmic reticulum and its function?
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a network of cellular tunnels containing ribosomes which build proteins from amino acids
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What are genes?
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ordered regions on each chromosome that contain DNA
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What is a karyotype?
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an image of an individual’s chromosomes arranged by size, shape, and number
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metabolism
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total of the chemical processes in a cell
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What are mitochondria and their function?
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structures in the cytoplasm that provide the principle source of energy for the cell
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What is the function of the nucleus?
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controls cell operations, cell division, structure, and function of the cell
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adipose tissue
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collection of fat cells
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cartilage
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flexible connective tissue attached to bones and joints
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epithelial tissue
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forms linings of internal organs and glands and the outer surface of skin on the body
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histologist
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a scientist specializing in the study of tissues
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larynx
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voice box
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pharynx
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throat
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pituitary gland
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endocrine gland at the base of the brain
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thyroid gland
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endocrine gland that surrounds the trachea in the neck
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trachea
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"windpipe" (tube leading from the throat to the bronchial tubes)
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ureters
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tubes from the kidneys to the urinary bladder
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urethra
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tube from the urinary bladder to the outside of the body
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uterus
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the womb; the organ that holds the embryo/fetus as it develops
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viscera
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the medical term for internal organs
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abdominal cavity (abdomen)
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space below the chest containing organs such as the liver, stomach, gallbladder, and intestines
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cranial cavity
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space in the head containing the brain surrounded by the skull
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diaphragm
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muscle separating the abdominal and thoracic cavities
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dorsal (posterior)
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pertaining to the back
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mediastinum
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centrally located space outside of and between the lungs
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pelvic cavity
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space below the abdomen containing portions of the intestines, rectum, urinary bladder, and reproductive organs
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peritoneum
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double-folded membrane surrounding the abdominal cavity
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pleura
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double-folded membrane surrounding each lung
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pleural cavity
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space between the pleural layers surrounding each lung
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spinal cavity
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space within the spinal column containing the spinal cord
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thoracic cavity
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space in the chest containing the heart, lungs, bronchial tubes, trachea, esophagus, and other organs
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ventral (anterior)
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pertaining to the front
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hypochondriac regions
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right and left upper regions of the abdominopelvic area beneath the ribs
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epigastric region
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middle upper region of the abdominopelvic area above the stomach
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lumbar regions
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right and left middle regions of the abdominopelvic area near the waist
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umbilical region
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central region of the abdominopelvic area near the waist
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inguinal/iliac regions
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right and left lower regions of the abdominopelvic area near the groin
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hypogastric region
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middle lower region of the abdominopelvic area below the umbilical region
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RUQ
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right upper quadrant
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LUQ
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left upper quadrant
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RLQ
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right lower quadrant
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LLQ
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left lower quadrant
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cervical region
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neck region of the spinal column (C1 to C7)
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thoracic region
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chest region of the spinal column (T1 to T12)
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lumbar region
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loin (waist) region of the spinal column (L1 to L5)
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sacral region
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region of the sacrum of the spinal column (S1 to S5)
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coccygeal region
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region of the coccyx (tailbone) of the spinal column
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vertebra
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single backbone
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vertebrae
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backbones
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spinal column
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bone tissue surrounding the spinal cavity
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spinal cord
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nervous tissue within the spinal cavity
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disk (disc)
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pad of cartilage between vertebrae
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anterior (ventral)
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front side of the body
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deep
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away from the surface
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distal
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far from the point of attachment to the trunk or far from the beginning of a structure
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frontal (coronal) plane
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vertical plane dividing the body or structure into anterior and posterior sections
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inferior
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below another structure
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lateral
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pertaining to the side
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medial
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pertaining to the middle, or nearer the medial plane of the body
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posterior (dorsal)
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the back side of the body
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prone
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lying on the belly
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proximal
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near the point of attachment to the trunk or near the beginning of a structure
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saggital (lateral) plane
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vertical plane dividing the body or structure into left and right sides
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superficial
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on the surface
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superior
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above another structure
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supine
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lying on the back
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transverse (axial) plane
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horizontal (cross-sectional) plane dividing the body into upper and lower portions
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abdomin/o
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abdomen
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adip/o
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fat
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anter/o
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front
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bol/o
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to cast (throw)
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cervic/o
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neck (of the body or of the uterus)
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chondr/o
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cartilage (type of connective tissue)
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chrom/o
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color
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coccyg/o
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coccyx (tailbone)
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crani/o
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skull
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cyt/o
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cell
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dist/o
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far, distant
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dors/o
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back portion of the body
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hist/o
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tissue
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ili/o
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ilium (part of the pelvic bone)
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inguin/o
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groin
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kary/o
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nucleus
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later/o
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side
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lumb/o
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lower back (side and back between the ribs and pelvis)
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medi/o
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middle
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nucle/o
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nucleus
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pelv/i
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pelvis, hip region
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poster/o
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back, behind
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proxim/o
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nearest
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sacr/o
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sacrum
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sarc/o
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flesh
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spin/o
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spine, backbone
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thel/o, theli/o
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nipple
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thorac/o
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chest
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trache/o
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trachea, windpipe
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umbilic/o
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navel, umbilicus
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ventr/o
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front side of the body
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vertebr/o
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vertbra(e), backbone(s)
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viscer/o
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internal organs
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ana-
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up
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cata-
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down
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epi-
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above
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hypo-
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below
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inter-
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between
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meta-
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change
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-eal
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pertaining to
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-iac
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pertaining to
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-ior
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pertaining to
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-ism
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process, condition
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-ose
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pertaining to, full of
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-plasm
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formation
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-somes
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bodies
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-type
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picture, classification
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