Chapter 2-Terms Pertaining To Body As Whole

Front 1

Anabolism

Back 1

Process of building up complex materials (protein) from simple materials.

Front 2

Catabolism

Back 2

process of breaking down complex materials (foods) to form simple substances and release energy.

Front 3

Cell membrane

Back 3

Structure surrounding and protecting the cell. It determines what enters and leaves the cell.

Front 4

Chromosomes

Back 4

Rod-shaped structures in the nucleus that contain regions of DNA call genes. There are 46 chromosomes (23 pairs) in every cell except for the egg and sperm cells, which contain only 23 individual, unpaired chromosomes.

Front 5

Cytoplasm

Back 5

All the material that is outside the nucleus and yet contained within the cell membrane.

Front 6

DNA

Back 6

Chemical found within each chromosome. Arranged like a sequence of recipes in code, it directs the activities of the cell.

Front 7

Endoplasmic Reticulum

Back 7

Structure (canals) within the cytoplasm. Site in which large proteins are made from smaller protein pieces. Ribosomes are found on this.

Front 8

Genes

Back 8

Regions of DNA within each chromosome.

Front 9

Karyotype

Back 9

Picture of chromosomes in the nucleus of a cell. The chromosomes are arranged in numerical order to determine their number and structure.

Front 10

Metabolism

Back 10

The total of the chemical process in a cell. It includes both catabolism and anabolism.

Front 11

Mitochondria

Back 11

Structures in the cytoplasm in which foods are burned to release energy.

Front 12

Nucleus

Back 12

Control center of the cell. It contains chromosomes and directs the activities of the cell.

Front 13

Digestive System

Back 13

mouth, pharynx (throat), esophagus, stomach, intestines (small and large), liver, gallbladder, pancreas

Front 14

Urinary or Excretory System

Back 14

kidneys, ureters (tubes from the kidney to the urinary bladder), urinary bladder, urethra (tube from the bladder to the outside of the body)

Front 15

Respiratory System

Back 15

nose, pharynx, larynx (voice box), trachea (windpipe), bronchial tubes, lungs

Front 16

Female Reproductive System

Back 16

ovaries, fallopian tubes, uterus (womb), vagina, mammary glands

Front 17

Male Reproductive System

Back 17

testes and associated tubes, urethra, penis, prostate gland

Front 18

Endocrine System

Back 18

thyroid gland (in the neck), pituitary gland (at the base of the brain), sex glands (ovaries and testes), adrenal glands, pancreas (islets of Langerhans), parathyroid glands

Front 19

Circulatory System

Back 19

heart, blood vessels (arteries, veins, and capillaries), lymphatic vessels and nodes, spleen, thymus gland

Front 20

Musculoskeletal System

Back 20

muscles, bones and joints

Front 21

Skin and Sense Organs

Back 21

skin, hair, nails, sweat glands, and sebaceous (oil) glands, eye, ear, nose, and tongue

Front 22

Adipose Tissue

Back 22

Collection of fat cells

Front 23

Cartilage

Back 23

Flexible connective tissue attached to bones at joints

Front 24

Epithelial Cell

Back 24

Skin cell that cover the external body surface and line the internal surfaces of organs

Front 25

Histologist

Back 25

Specialist in the study of tissues.

Front 26

Larynx

Back 26

Voice box; located at the upper part of the trachea

Front 27

Pharynx

Back 27

Throat. This is the common passageway for food (from the mouth going to the esophagus) and air (from the nose to the trachea)

Front 28

Pituitary Gland

Back 28

Endocrine gland at the base of the brain

Front 29

Thryoid Gland

Back 29

Endocrine gland that surrounds the trachea in the neck

Front 30

Ureter

Back 30

One of two tubes, each leading from a single kidney to the urinary bladder

Front 31

Urethra

Back 31

Tube from the urinary bladder to the outside of the body

Front 32

Uterus

Back 32

The womb. The organ that holds the embryo and fetus as it develops

Front 33

Viscera

Back 33

Internal organs; singluar: viscus

Front 34

Cranial Cavity

Back 34

Brain, pituitary gland

Front 35

Thoracic Cavity

Back 35

Lungs, heart, esophagus, trachea, bronchial tubes, thymus gland, aorta (large artery)

Front 36

Pleura Cavity

Back 36

Space surrounding each lung. A double-folded membrane, or pleura, lines the cavity. If it becomes inflamed, the cavity can be filled with fluid

Front 37

Mediastinum

Back 37

Part of Thoracic cavity; centrally located area outside of and between the lungs. It contains the heart, aorta, trachea, esophagus, thymus gland, bronchial tubes, and many lymph nodes

Front 38

Abdominal Cavity

Back 38

Stomach, small and large intestines, spleen, pancreas, liver and gallbladder

Front 39

Pelvic Cavity

Back 39

Portions of the small and large intestines, rectum, urinary bladder, urethra, and ureters; uterus and vagina in a female

Front 40

Spinal Cavity

Back 40

Nerves of the spinal cord

Front 41

Diaphragm

Back 41

Muscle separating the abdominal and thoracic cavities

Front 42

Dorsal (posterior)

Back 42

Pertaining to the back

Front 43

Peritoneum

Back 43

Membrane surrounding the organs in the abdomen

Front 44

Ventral (anterior)

Back 44

Pertaining to the front

Front 45

Cranial

Back 45

Pertaining to the skull

Front 46

Pelvic

Back 46

Pertaining to the hip bone

Front 47

Diaphragm

Back 47

Muscle separating the abdominal and thoracic cavities

Front 48

Dorsal (posterior)

Back 48

Pertaining to the back

Front 49

Peritoneum

Back 49

Membrane surrounding the organs in the abdomen

Front 50

Ventral (anterior)

Back 50

Pertaining to the front

Front 51

Cranial

Back 51

Pertaining to the skull

Front 52

Pelvic

Back 52

Pertaining to the hip bone

Front 53

Anterior (ventral)

Back 53

Front side of the body

Front 54

Deep

Back 54

Away from the surface

Front 55

Distal

Back 55

Far from the point of attachment to the truck or far from the beginning of a structure

Front 56

Frontal (coronal) plane

Back 56

Vertical plane dividing the body or structure into anterior and posterior portions

Front 57

Inferior (caudal)

Back 57

Below another structure

Front 58

Lateral

Back 58

Pertaining to the side

Front 59

Medial

Back 59

Pertaining to the middle or near the medial plane of the body

Front 60

Posterior (dorsal)

Back 60

Back side of the body

Front 61

Prone

Back 61

Lying on the belly (face down, palm down)

Front 62

Proximal

Back 62

Near the point of attachment to the trunk or near the beginning of a structure

Front 63

Sagittal (lateral) plane

Back 63

Lengthwise, vertical plane dividing the body or structure into right and left sides

Front 64

Midsagittal plane

Back 64

Divides the body into right and left halves

Front 65

Superficial

Back 65

On the surface

Front 66

Superior (cephalic)

Back 66

Above another structure

Front 67

Supine

Back 67

Lying on the back (face up, palm up)

Front 68

Transverse (cross-sectional or axial) plane

Back 68

Horizontal plane dividing the body into upper and lower portions