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21 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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The main documents that inform ethics in psychology are... |
Canadian Psychological Association Code of Ethics and the Tri Council Policy |
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What's the distinction between "pedagogical paper" and research? What does ALL research have to undergo before being approved? |
Research is information that is gathered for the explicit purpose of having it presented in some form of journal or presentation. All research in psychology has to be approved by a IRB or REB (institutional review board or Research ethics board) Pedagogical Projects do NOT need any sort of ethical approval. |
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The Nuremberg Code of 1948 was? |
The precursor to an ethics paper or any sort of guideline among ethics in research. |
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What was the first organization to publish a code of ethics? |
The American Psychological Association or APA. |
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Try Council Policy Statement II is... |
The most respected and followed code of ethics in Canada. (It's also being used by Western!) |
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Autonomy is... Describe why it is important to the "Respect of Persons" aspect of ethics. |
Autonomy is the idea that the involved participant is fully informed on the potential risks and benefits, and is able to make a free, informed, healthy decision. |
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You need to conduct an experiment on elderly folk who are not exactly able to make informed decisions. How do you ethically get their permission? |
A licenced third party with authority and best interest of the participant in mind. |
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Give a brief spiel about "Respect for Persons" |
Respect for Persons is the idea that each participant is treated like a human being, with respect for their well being and quality of life. Autonomy (The ability to CHOOSE) is a very important component to respect for persons. Ideas like concealing intent or LYING in the research study may violate the Respect for Persons ethics. |
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Give a brief spiel about "Concern for Welfare" |
Basically the idea that the researcher will always put the participants welfare (relationships, mental wellbeing, monetary status, physical health, social standing) first. |
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Give a brief spiel about "Justice" |
Justice is the idea that the researcher will treat all participants, no matter of age, denomination, ethnicity, mental/physical capacity, the exact same. Justice also extends to the idea that the researcher/participant relationship should not be abused, or that power imbalance should not be extended to cause harm or abuse to the subject. |
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What's the proper term for a human being who is in your study? What is not? |
Participant!! They are PARTICIPATING. "Subject" implies that they are being SUBJECTed to the research. |
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Assent vs. Consent |
Assent is the idea that you are agreeing to the terms. CONsent is the idea that your mom, dad, legal guardian is giving you the consent that they will allow you to participate. (Fun fact: young children do not need to give assent!) |
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What's the Letter of Information? What's an important thing to consider when writing one that you will hand to your, for example, 100 participants? |
Letter of Information is the document handed to all POTENTIAL participants. It is important to draft the LOI in a way that all sorts of people, young, old, proficient or not in english may understand it. Avoid technical jargon as much as possible, as the common folk will be reading it. |
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Confidentiality vs. Anonymity |
Confidentiality: The researcher knows who you are, but no one else does. All results are posted without any way to trace them back to individuals. Anonymity: No one, including the researcher, knows who you are. The data is submitted ANONYMOUSLY to the researcher, and there is no way to trace it back to you. |
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Name the three scenarios in which you, the researcher, would break confidentiality to report a participants results. |
1. If the participant was at risk for self harm or harming others. 2. If the participant was a child who was being abused 3. If the participant had any info on drug trafficking, dog fights, illegal activity etc. |
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Rules for storing data are... |
Can't be on paper or just lying around with names and info and such. If on a USB drive it must be ENCRYPTED, if on a laptop, you need to password protect. |
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What are Qualitative studies? What is the best way to record the data? Why might this present an issue? |
Qualitative studies are studies that need a description, feelings or stories to be shared. A very handy way of recording this data is through audio/video recording. This might present an issue as it really knocks away from confidentiality. |
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What is a hyper claim? |
A hyperclaim is when you boost the importance of the research. "We are researching the relationship between hair length and attention. You should definitely participate, because if you do we might cure M.S.!" |
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What is prorating? |
The idea that the compensation for the research is payed partially if the participant decides to quit. Eg. 50$ for 5 hours. If the participant does 4 and quits, they receive 40$ instead. |
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Active vs. Passive deception |
Active deception is ACTIVELY giving mis-information in the explanation of the study.
Passive deception is leaving out information from the explination |
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What's an "active treatment control"? |
Active treatment control is the idea that when doing an experiment to test drug effectiveness towards a condition, instead of using the new "Drug A" in a group, and then using a control group of no treatment, the more ethical procedure is establishing the "Active treatment control" as using "Already established drug A" on the control group and then comparing the results. (Also, after the study is complete, all participants are offered the superior treatment, no matter the test group.) |
