Chapter 2 Of America, Land I Love: The First English Colonies 1576-1620

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an important change that had taken place in England during the 1500s

Back 1

England had become a Protestant country in which the Bible was freely availabel to all

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Queen Elizabeth I

Back 2

the Queen of England during from 1558 to 1603; the Queen who called for a Bible to be placed in every churech

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John Wycliffe

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the Englishman who exposed false doctrines of the Roman church and had the entire Bible translated into English for the first time

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William Tyndale

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his English translation of the Bible circulated widely in Britain during the 1500s

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Henry VIII

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the English king who broke all ties between England and the Roman church, making the English Reformation official

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Magna Carta

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the charter signed by King John of England which helped to prepare England for limited government

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1497

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John Cabot explores the Atlantic coast of North America and claims the land for England

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John Cabot

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the English explorer who clamed the Atlantic coast of North America for England

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Francis Drake

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the first Englishman to sail around the world

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Sir Humphrey Gilbert

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a English adventurer who made many unsuccessful attempts to plant colonies in North America; he drowned at sea

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Sir Walter Raleigh

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the Englishman who tried to start a colony in Ronoke; the first colony was abandoned and the second was lost

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John White

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the governor of Ronoke

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Virgina Dare

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the first English child to be born in America

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"Croatoan"

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the word carved on a tree in Ronoke that was the only clue to the fate of the Ronoke colony

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joint-stock company

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when several businessmen invest in a single company to support a venture

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King James I

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the English king who granted a charter allowing two joint-stock companies to undertake colonization in Virgina

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the London Company

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the company that was supposed to settle in southern Virgina and was centered in London

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the Plymouth Company

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the company that was supposed to settle in northern Virgina and was located in Plymouth

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the important provision outlined for the colonists in the charter

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colonists were to enjoy the same rights andl liberties as Englishmen abiding in the home country

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1607

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the Susan Constant, the Godspeed, and the Discovery caring over 100 settlers sail into Chesapeake Bay

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Jamestown

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the first permanent English settlement in the New World

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Jamestown's problems

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the low-lying land was mararia-infested, the river water was contaminated, hostile Indians troubled the colony, and most of the settlers were either too lazy to work or too proud to do common labor

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common-store system

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Jamestown's biggest problem; each man was required to place the fruit of his labor in a common store hous and each was entitled to receive food and supplies fro the storehous according to his need

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communal

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belonging to the community

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America's first experiment with a form of socialism

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failed miserably

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Captain John Smith

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saved the colony of Jamestow from self-destruction and establish the policy that any who would not work should not eat

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"starving time"

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the winter of 1609-1610

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John Rolfe

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one of the moset famous Virginia settlers who married the Indian princess; he introduced the Virginia coloniests to the growing of tobacco

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Pocahontas

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the Indian princess who John Rolfe maried

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tobacco

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the crop that John Rolfe introduced to the Virginians

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indentured servant

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one who entered into an agreement by which he had his passage to Americas paid by an established colonists; in return, the servant was obligated to to work for his benefactor with out pay for an agreed-upon period of time, usually four to seven years, before becoming a free man

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free enterprise or capitalism

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when a government leaves individuals free to own businesses and make a living dependent on their own enterprise; would become a cornerstone of America's greatness

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enterprise

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initiative

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1619

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the first women arrived in Virgina

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first Africans in Virgina

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arrived on a Dutch ship that came from Africa with a cargo of about 30 black servants to be sold to the settlers

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burgesses

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delegates

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House of Burgesses

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an assembly of delegates from the various districs of Virgina that advised the governor of the colony and assisted him in making lows; set an important precedent for representative government

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royal colony

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a colony owned by the king and administered by his royal governor

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dissenters

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those who did not conform to the Church of England

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Puritans

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those who wished to "purify" the Church of England

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"Separatists"

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those who wanted to separate from the Church of England

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Scrooby, England

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Separatists from this village decided to move to Holland

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John Robinson

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the pastor who led the Separatists from Scrooby to Leyden

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Pilgrims

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the courageous people who left all to come to the American wilderness

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1620

Back 45

the Pligrims board the Mayflower in Plymouth, England

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Mayflower

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the Pilgrim ship that set sail for the New Word from Plymouth, England

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"Strangers"

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the passengers abord the Mayflower that were not Separatists

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"New England"

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the Pligrims landed far to the north of Virgina in an region they called "New England"

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Cape Cod

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the harbor that the Mayflower landed in

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Mayflower Compact

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a document that set an improtant precedent for representative government

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"Plymouth Rock"

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the boulder which tradition says the Pligrims used as a stepping stone

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Squanto

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an Indian who spoke English and acted as a guide and interpreter and taught the Pilgrims to hunt, fish, and grow crops

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Samoset

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the Indian who introduced the Pilgrims to Squanto

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Massasoit

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the chief of the Wampanoag Indians

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Miles Standish

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the Stranger who headed Plymouth's military defense force

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John Alden

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the Stranger who rose to a high plitical office

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Wiliam Bradford

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the second governor of the Plymouth Colony; wrote History of Plymouth Plantation and governed for over 30 years

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Council for New England

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the legal controllers of the territory in which the Pligrims had setteled

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communial system

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promoted a lack of diligence and efficinecy

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what made Plymouth a sucessful colony

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faith in God, a strong belief in the Protestant work ethic, and the exercise of the free enterprise system

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what the Pilgrims gave America

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an eraly example of republican self-government; an improtant example for religious liberty

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the signers of the Mayflower Compact

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were all freemen

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General Court

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a body of freemen who met in order to pass laws and conduct the business of the colony

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religious liberty in Plymouth

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all people were free to attend the churches of their choice

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Congregational Church

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the church founded by the Pilgrims that became very important in New England