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29 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
energy
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the ability to do work
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chemical reaction
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the process by which one or more suvstances change to produce one or more different substances
bonds are broken, the elements rearranged and new compounds formed as products |
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states of mareacttter
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the motiom and spacing between atoms or molecules of a substance determine the substance's state
solid more closely linked, fixed volume ans shape liquid move less rapidly, fixed volume gasparticles moce most rapidly, little or not attraction, fill the volume of the container they occupy |
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reactant
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left side of equation
a substance or molecule that participates in a chemical reaction |
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products
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right side of the equation
a substance that forms in a chemical reaction |
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metabolism
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used to describe all of the chemical reactions that occur in an organism
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activation energy
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(energy must be added for a chemical reaction to occur)
the amount of energy needed to start the reacation |
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catalysts
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chemical substances that reduce the amount of activation energy that is needed for a reaction to take place
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enzymes
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(in living things enzymes act as catalyst)
a protein or RNA molecule that speeds up metabolic reactions without being permanently changed or destroyed |
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oxidation
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a reactant loses one or more electrons, thus becomming more positive charge
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redox reaction
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reactions when electrons are transferred between atoms are know as oxidation reduction reactions
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reduction reaction
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reactant gains one or more electrons, becoming more negatively charged
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polar
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uneven distribution of charge, water is this type of compound
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hydrogen bond
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the force of attraction between a dydrogen molecule witha pratial positive charge and another atom or molecule with a partial or full negative charge
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cohesion
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an attractive force that holds molecules of a single substance together
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adhesion
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attractive force between two particle of different substances
water and glass molecules |
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capillary
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attraction between molecules tha tresults in teh rise of the surface of a liquid when in contact with a solid.
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solution
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a mixture in which one or more substances are uniformly distributed in another substance
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solute
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a substance dissolved in the solvent
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solvent
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the substnace win which the solute is dissolved
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concentration
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amount of solute dissolved in a fixed amount of solution
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saturated solution
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a solution which no more solute can dissolve
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aqueous solution
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solutions in which water is the solvent
universally imp to all living things |
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hydroxide ion
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the OH-ion
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hydronium ion
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the H3O+
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acid
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the number of hydronium ios in a solution is greater thatn the number of hydroxide ions
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base
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the solution that has more hydroxide ions than hydronium ions
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ph scale
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scientists have a developed a scale for comparing the relative concentrations of hydronium ions and hydorxide ions in a solution
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buffers
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chemical substances that neutralize small amounts of either an acid or a base added to a solution
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