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37 Cards in this Set

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What does Amorphous mean?

means that they have the same strong atomic bonds present in crystalline materials, but have only short-range order, much like liquid.

What is a ceramic?

Is a material that is bonded with ionic bonds.

What are colloids?

are a two phase material. They are mixtures of gases, liquids, or solids at a microscopic level.

What are composites?

are materials that are made up of two are more materials.

What are covalent bonds?

are the result of two atoms sharing a pair of electrons.

What is cross-linking?

The linking of one coil (or polymer chain) across to another with wire (or a covalent bond).

Define a crystalline?

are solids that have a consistent spatial relationship of atoms or molecules repeated hundreds to thousands to millions of times.

What are dental materials?

a subgroup of materials science. Is part of a larger field of biomaterials.

What are emulsions?

are a type of colloid composed of two liquids that do not blend together to form one liquid.

What is a fluctuating dipole?

Noble gases such as helium. Have a symmetrical charge distribution. Liquifies when cool. Have unequal distribution of electrons for short periods of time.

What are hydrogen bonds?

A special case of permanent dipoles. the electron spends most of its time with the oxygen making a polar molecule.

What are ionic bonds?

Are the result of an electron being given up by one atom and being accepted by another.

What is long-range order?

Are molecules that are repeated hundreds of thousands to millions of times

What is materials science?

Is the part of the physical sciences that seeks to explain the properties and performance of materials by examining their internal structure.

What are metallic bonds?

are similar to covalent bonds in that valence electrons are shared between atoms. The difference is that the electrons in a metal object are not shared by two atoms but shared by all the atoms that make up the object.

Define metals.

Are typically dense, heavy materials. they are good conductors of both electricity and heat and are cold at room temperature.

What are permanent dipoles?

Is when one atom involved in the bond is partially positive, and the other is partially negative. They are weak bonds.

What are polymers?

Are composed of long chains of covalently bonded, repeating units.

What are primary bonds?

Are the strong bonds between atoms that involve the transfer or sharing of electrons between atoms.

What are secondary bonds?

Also known as van der Waals forces, are the result of partial charges from an uneven distribution of electrons around an atom or a molecule. The partial charges can be either weak or strong and temporary or permanent.

What is short-range order?

Is a consistent spatial relationship among atoms or molecules 5 to 10 neighbors apart.

What are valence electrons?

The electrons in the outer shell of atoms that are involved in chemical reactions and atomic bonding.

Name three phases of atomic bonding.

Gases


Liquid


Solids

Name three types of primary bonds.

Ionic


Covalent


Metallic

Name three types of secondary bonds.

Permanent dipoles


Hydrogen dipoles


Fluctuating dipoles

Name five types of dental materials and their atomic bonds.

Ceramics - Ionic


Polymers - Covalent


Metals - Electron cloud


Composites - Combination


Colloids - suspension

Pure gold is _____ carat.

24 carats

The molecules found in a pane of glass can be best described as:

Amorphous solid, having short-range order.

A partial charge resulting from an uneven distribution of electrons around an atom forms a bond known as:

Secondary bond

What type of bond is formed when the electrons are shared by all the atoms that make up that object and may be thought of a "positive cores" in a "cloud of negative mobile valence electrons"?

Metallic bonds

A notable advantage of using ceramic materials in dentistry in the property of:

Translucency

A dental polymer with many cross-lings as compared to one with no cross-links would be a dental material that is:

Stiff and strong

All of the following are examples of a composite except:


A. set jello with sliced peaches


B. Enamel


C. Fiberglass


D. Tin foil

D. Tin foil

When the shared electrons of a covalent bond are not shared equally, and one of the bonded atoms is partially positive and the other is partially negative, a ____________ is formed.

Permanent dipole

The sliding of atoms past each other allows this material to bend, not fracture, and maintain its strength. This material is an example of a:

Metal

A mixture of two liquids that do not blend together to form one liquid is termed a (an):

Emulsion

When two atoms share a pair of electrons, the resulting atomic bond is termed a (an) _________ bond.

Covalent