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61 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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what is the kingdom, class and order of the manatee? |
Animalia, mammalia, Sirenia |
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Where is the manatee mostly seen? |
florida and caribbean waters as far as virginia |
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The manatee was first discovered by who? |
manatee |
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Can the Manatees tolerate cold temperatures? |
No |
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When does mating occur? |
throughout the year |
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How long does gestation take? |
13 months with usually only 1 calf born |
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Where is the manatee found? |
in shallow, slow, moving rivers, estuaries, canals, and coastal areas ? |
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On what does the manatee feed? |
plant material |
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How much do manatees eat? |
10 percent of their bodyweight a day and feed 5-8 hours a day |
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By what or who is the manatee treathed? |
Humans (boat) |
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Correlation does not prove..... |
causation |
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.... is the key important that determines wether one thing is different from another |
variance |
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What is benthos? |
organisms that live on or are associated with the substrate |
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Infaunal? |
Organisms that live in a substate |
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Semi-infaunal? |
organisms that live partially in and partially out |
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Boring? |
They bore into something and live attached |
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Plankton? |
They can move under their own power but usually are carried by the current |
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Nekton? |
Moves against the current |
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Neuston? |
Things that are associated with the surface of the water. |
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neretic |
from high tide to 200 m |
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oceanic ( pelagic) |
off coast to 200m |
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mesopelagic |
200m to 1000m |
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bathypelagic |
1000m to 4000m |
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abyssopelagic |
4000 m-6000m |
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pacific is half the volume of the ocean |
... |
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How are marginal seas formed and how many do we have? |
through plate tectonic and 3 |
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What is the ring of fire |
describes the hot spot of movement in the pacific |
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How are oceans formed? |
1. mantal heats up 2. plates start to thin 3. plates start to move out 4. sinking of the middle plate forming rift valley 5. valley sinks and a linear sea is formed
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Water has a ..... boiling point and a ...... freezing point |
high, high |
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Water has high latent heats of....... |
vaporization condensation melting freezing evaporation |
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What does high heat of vaporization mean? |
it takes lots of energy to move from water to gas |
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What is the difference between water and rock's heat capacity? |
Water has a high heat capacity while rock does not Rock quickly changes temperature while water does not. Water is able to moderate its temperature |
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What is marine effect? |
oceans exhibit a small variation in temperature during day/night and different seasons |
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What is continental effect? |
Land experiences a large variation in temperature during day/night and different seasons |
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What is the thermocline? |
depth zone within which temperature changes maximally |
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How does temperature change with depth? |
With depth the temperature in the ocean decreases |
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How does the oxygen content in the ocean change with depth? |
Near the ocean surface the oxygen content is the largest. At about 1000m meter the oxygenate content is minimal. The oxygen content starts to increase again because less organisms consume the oxygen and because the deep ocean currents provide oxygen to the deep ocean. |
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How does light change with depth? |
Near the surface there is more light and with depth light decreases. |
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the open ocean contains how much salinity? |
33 to 38 parts per thousand |
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What are the major elements? |
sodium, sulfur, potassium, magnesium, chloride, calcium |
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What are the minor elements? |
strontium, silicon, fluorine, boron, bromine, carbon |
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What are the trace elements? |
phosphorous, iron and nitrogen |
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Does cold or warm water float on top?Why? |
Cold water is in the bottom because it is denser and more dense water is always in the bottom. |
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Is it possible to have higher salinity water on top and lower salinity water in the bottom? |
Yes... water with higher salinity that is warmer than the lower salinity water |
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Is in warm oceans variation in temperature more important or variation in salinity? |
variation in temperature |
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Is in cold waters variation in temperature more important or variation in salinity? |
variation in salinity |
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Important information about surface ocean current: |
-transfer from warmer to cooler areas -affects coastal climates -driven by wind and platonic motion -primarily horizontal motion |
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Important information about deep ocean currents: |
-provides oxygen to deep sea -driven by differences in density caused by variability in temperature and salinity -vertical and horizontal motion |
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Coriolis effect? |
The coriolis effect is the deviation to the left and right based on left and right hemisphere |
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What causes the water to circulate? |
Wind pattern |
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Ekman transport? |
is the net transport of surface water to 90 degree to the right in N hemisphere and 90 degree to the left in S hemisphere |
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Ekman spiral? |
the direction and speed of seawater at different depths |
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The direction of seawater at more depth moves..... |
increasingly to the right |
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The speed of seawater at more depth.... |
decreases |
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Ocean gyrus in the northern hemisphere are clockwise or counterclockwise? |
clockwise |
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Ocean gyrus in the southern hemisphere are clockwise or counterclockwise? |
countherclockwise |
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upwelling? |
vertical movement of cold, nutrient rich water to the surface |
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downwelling? |
movement of warm water from the surface to the deep ocean ocean |
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Coastal Upwelling- Divergence |
-Ekman transport moves surface seawater offshore -cold nutrient rich water to surface -phytoplankton bloom |
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Coastal Downwelling-Convergence |
-Ekman transport moves surface water onshore -warm water moves to the deep ocean -low productivity |
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Peruvian fishing grounds are productive because of ..... |
upwelling which leads to biological productivity |
