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54 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Excessive anxiety can be caused by a chemical imbalance falls under what Psychological perspective?
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Biological
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What is a CONTROLLED CONDITION?
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A testing situation where subjects are not exposed to the same treatment, or manipulation of an independent variable.
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what is RANDOM ASSIGNMENT?
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The randomly assigning subjects as numbers and putting those with even numbers in one group and those with odd numbers in another.
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What is a PLACEBO?
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A fake treatment, i.e. pills or injections with no active ingredients.
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What is the purpose of a SURVEY?
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Gathering of information by asking other people directly about their opinions, experiences and attitudes.
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What is a REPRESENTATIVE SAMPLE?
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A group of subjects that accurately represents the larger population.
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What is VOLUNTEER BIAS:
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People who feel strongly enough to volunteer their opinions may differ from those who remain silent.
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CORRELATION is?
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Used a synonym for relationship; technically, it is a numerical measure of the STRENGTH of the relationship between two things.
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What is an EXPERIMENT?
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A controlled test of a hypothesis in which the researcher manipulates one variable to discover its effoect on another.
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Describe PSYCHOLOGICAL TESTS:
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AKA Assessment Tests are procedures for measuring and evaluating personality traits, emotional states, aptitudes, interests, abilities and values.
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Describe OBJEXTIVE TESTS:
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Tests that are designed to tap unconscious feelings or motives.
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Describe RELIABILITY:
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The ability to reconstruct results from one time or another or different place or another.
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Describe NATURALISTIC STUDIES:
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Determination as to how study's act in their own normal environment.
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Describe LABORATORY OBSERVATION:
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A preference of some psychologists to perform observerations in a laboratory environment that is provided by their own personal control.
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Describe DESCRIPTIVE METHODS
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Description/prediction of behavior but not necessarily to choose one explanation over competing ones.
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Describe OBSERVATIONAL STUDY:
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Observation, Measurement and Recording of behavior taking care to avoid to intruding on the study.
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Define OPERATIONAL DEFINITION:
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Specifies how the phenomena in question are to be observed and measured.
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Define PRINCIPLE OF FALSIABILITY:
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The principle that a scientific theory must make predictions that are specific enough to expose the theory to the possibility of dis-confirmation; that is, the theory must predict not only what will happen, but also what will not happen.
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Describe CONFIRMATION BIAS:
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The tendency to look for or pay attention only to information that confirms one's own belief.
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Describe CASE STUDY:
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A detailed description of a particular individual, based on careful observation or on formal psychological testing
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Describe THEORY:
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An organized system of assumptions and principles that purports to explain a specified set of phenomena and their interrelationships.
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Describe HYPOTHESIS:
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A statement that attempts to predict or to account for a set of phenomena; scientific hypotheses specify relationships among events or variables and are empirically tested.
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What is CRITICAL THINKING?
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The ability and willingness to assess claims and make judgments on the basis of well-supported reason and evidence, rather than emotion or anecdote.
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What is PHRENOLOGY?
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The discredited theory that differnt brain areas account for character and personality traits, which can "read" from bumps on the skull.
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Define PSYCOTHERAPIST:
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A person who does psychotherapy; may have anything from no degree to an advanced professional degree; the term is unregulated.
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Define APPLIED PSYHCOLOGY:
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"The study of psychological issues that have direct practical significance; also
the application of psychological findings. |
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Describe the BIOLOGICAL perspective:
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A psychological approach that emphasizes bodily events and changes associated with actions, feelings, and thoughts.
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Describe the COGNITIVE perspective:
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A psychological approach that emphasizes mental processes in perception, memory, language, problem solving and other areas of behavior.
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Describe the LEARNING perspective:
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A psychological approach that emphasizes mental process in perception, memory, language, problem solving, and other areas of behavior.
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Describe the PSYCHODYNAMIC perspective:
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A psychological approach that emphasizes unconscious dynamics within the individual, such as inner forces, conflicts, or the movement of instinctual energy.
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Describe the SOCIOCULTURAL perspective:
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A psychological approach that emphasizes social and cultural influences on behavior.
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Define FUNCTIONALISM:
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An early psychological approach that emphasized the function or purpose of behavior and consciousness. Led by William James.
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Define STRUCTULRISM:
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An early psychological approach that emphasized the analysis of immediate experience into basic elements. Led by E.B. Tichner
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What are the FIVE major PSYCHOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVES:
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1. Biological
2. Learning 3. Cognitive 4. Sociocultural 5. Psychodynamic |
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What is the function of a DEVELOPMENTAL Psychologist:
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Study how people change and grow over time - physically, mentally, and socially.
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What is the function of an EDUCATIONAL PSYCHOLOGIST?
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Study psychological principles that explain learning and search for ways to improve educational systems.
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What is the function of an EXPERIMENTAL PSYHCOLOGIST?
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Conducts laboratory studies of learning, motivation, emotion, sensation and perception, physiology, and cognition.
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What is the function of an INDUSTRIAL/ORGANIZATIONAL PSYCHOLOGIST:
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Study behaviors in the workplace. They are concerned with group decision making, employee morale, work motivation, productivity, job stress, personnel selection, marketing strategies, equipment design, etc.
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What is FEMINIST PSYCHOLOGY?
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A psychological approach that analyzes the influence of social inequities on gender relations and on the behavior of the two sexes.
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What is HUMANIST PSYCHOLOGY?
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A psychological approach that emphasizes personal growth and the achievement of human potential, rather than the scientific understanding and assessment of behavior.
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What is a CLINICAL PSYCHOLOGIST:
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Diagnoses, treats, and/or studies mental and emotional problems.both mild and sever; has a Ph.D., and Ed.D., or a Psy.D.
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What is a PSYCHIATRIST:
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Does work similar to that of a clinical psychologist but is like to take a more biological approach; has a medical degree (MD) with a speciality in Psychiatry.
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What is a Psychoanlayst:
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Practices psychoanalysis; has specific training in this approach after an advanced degree (usually, but not always, an M.D., or a Ph.D.); may treat any kind of emotional disorder or pathology.
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Who is generally accredited as being the Father of Psychology and why?
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Dr. Wilhelm Wundt [VIL-helm Voont] (1832-1920) established the first psychological laboratory in Leipzig, Germany in 1879. Was most notably known for his intent to define psychology a science in 1873.
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A national emphasis on competition and success promotes anxiety about failure falls under what Psychological perspecdtive?
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Sociocultural
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Anxiety is due to forbidden unconscious desires falls under what Psychological perspective?
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Psychodynamic
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Anxiety symptoms often bring hidden rewards, such as being excused from exams falls under what Psychological perspective?
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Behviorial
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Anxious people often think about the future in distorted ways falls under what Psychological perspective?
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Cognitive
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What is EMPIRICAL evidence?
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Relying on or derived from observation, experimention, or measurement.
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Define PSYCHOBABBLE:
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Psuedoscience and quackery covered by a veneer of psychological language.
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What is the function of a CLINICAL PSYCHOLOGIST?
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Performs Psychotherapy and sometimes research; may work in private practice, mental health clinics, general hospitals, mental hospitals, research labs, and/or college/university settings.
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Define: TRAINED INTROSPECTION
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An early psychological practice established by Wundt that focused on observation, analysis and description of sensations, mental images, and emotions. Later, this process was rejected as being TOO subjective.
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Define PPSYCHOLOGY
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The science of behavior and mental processes and how they are affected by an organism's physical state, mental state, and external environment.
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Describe STANDARDIZED TEST:
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Whether uniform procedures exist for giving and scoring the test.
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