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40 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are norms?
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The shared rules of conduct that tell people how to act in specific situations. Expectations for behavior.
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What are folkways?
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Norms that describe socially acceptable behavior but do not have great moral significance attached to them. Common customs or conventions of daily life.
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What are mores?
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Norms with great moral significance attached to them. Violations of such rules endangers society's well being and stability.
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What are laws?
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Written rules of conduct enacted and enforced by the government. Usually enforce mores essential to social stability.
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What are culture traits?
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The simplest level of culture. An individual tool, act, or belief that is related to a particular situation or need.
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What are culture complexes?
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The combination of individual culture traits to form the next level of culture. A cluster of interrelated traits.
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What is a culture pattern?
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The combination of culture complexes to form large levels. The combination of a number of culture complexes into an interrelated whole.
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What is culture?
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All the shared products of a human group - material and nonmaterial
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What is material culture?
Give some examples. |
The physical objects that people create and use. Examples include cars, books, buildings, clothing, computers and cooking utensils.
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What is nonmaterial culture?
Give some examples. |
Abstract human creations. Examples include beliefs, family patterns, ideas, language, political and economics systems, rules, skills, and work practices.
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Define the component of culture known as technology.
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The physical objects and rules for using them within a culture.
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Define the component of culture known as symbols.
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Anything that represents something else and has a shared meaning attached to it.
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Define the component of culture known as language.
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The organization of written or spoken words into a standardized system. When organized according to rules of grammar words can be used to express an ideas. Can be nonverbal.
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Define the component of culture known as values.
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Shared beliefs about waht is good or bad, right or wrong, desirable or undesirable. The types of these held by a group help determine teh character of the people and the kinds of material and nonmaterial culture they create.
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Who were the Nacirema?
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Americans as described by Horace Miner in the 1950s.
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What are culture complexes?
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The combination of individual culture traits to form the next level of culture. A cluster of interrelated traits.
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What is a culture pattern?
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The combination of culture complexes to form large levels. The combination of a number of culture complexes into an interrelated whole.
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What is culture?
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All the shared products of a human group - material and nonmaterial
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What is material culture?
Give some examples. |
The physical objects that people create and use. Examples include cars, books, buildings, clothing, computers and cooking utensils.
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What is nonmaterial culture?
Give some examples. |
Abstract human creations. Examples include beliefs, family patterns, ideas, language, political and economics systems, rules, skills, and work practices.
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What is cultural relativism?
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The belief that cultures should be judged by their own standards rather than by applying the standards of another.
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What did anthropologist Edward Sapir and linguist Benjamin Whorf propose to be true about language?
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1. Language shapes the way people think. 2. People who speak different languages perceive the work in different ways.
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What is ethnocentrism?
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The tendency to view one's own culture and group as superior.
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Whatt is cultural discontinuity?
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When some subgroup members find that the values, beliefs, and practices of the larger culture are at odds with those of the subculture.
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What is a subculture?
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When a group shares the broad culture but in addition share values, norms, and behaviors not shared by the entire population. Idea developed by Edwin Sutherland in the 1920s.
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What is a counterculture?
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A subculture that rejects the major values, norms, and practices of the larger society and replaces them with a new set of cultural patterns.
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What is a society?
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a group of mutually interdependent people who have organized in such a way as to share a common culture and have a feeling of unity.
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Describe the San people.
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The San way of life is based on cooperation. San groups have their own territories and they take great care no to tresspass on the lands of others. All able members search for food and share it with all group members.
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Describe the Yanomamo people.
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The Yanomamo people of South America are farmers who live in small villages along the border between Brazil and Venezuela. Warfare and feats of male strength are important in their way of life. Napolean Chagnon called them the "Fierce People".
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Who was Napolean Chagnon?
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An anthropologist that studied the Yanomamo of South America.
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What are the 5 basic components of a culture?
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Technology, Symbols, Language, Values and Norms
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What are cultural universals?
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General traits that are common to all cultures.
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What is ethnocentrism?
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the human tendency to view one's own culture and group as superior to all other cultures and groups
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Who was George Murdock?
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an anthropologist who in the 1940s compiled a list of cultural univerals
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Who was Margaret Mead?
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an anthropologist whose 1930s study of New Guinea peoples (Arapesh & Mundugumor) examined how culture influences temperament
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Who were the Arapesh? What were they like?
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The Arapesh were a gentle, nonaggressive people studied by Margaret Mead in New Guinea. Their society is based on cooperation.
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Who were the Mundugumor? What were they like?
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The Mundugmor were an aggressive, competitive, violent group of people studied by Margaret Mead in New Guinea. They once were head hunters.
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Who was Marvin Harris?
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An anthropologist who wrote "Cannibals and King" and studied the religious protection of cattle in India. He tried to practice cultural relativism.
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Who was Edwin Sutherland?
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He was a criminologist that developed the idea of subcultures in the 1920s.
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How do folkways, mores, and laws differ?
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Folkways are acceptable behaviors will little moral significance. Mores are acceptable behaviors with great moral significance. Laws are written rules of conduct.
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