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4 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
What is natural selection
Key term in Darwin's theory of evolution
Adaptations in the environment lead to an increased chance of survival and hence reproducing
These adaptative characteristics are passed down through the generations in genes
Genetic variation between members of the same species competing for limited resources in the environment
Examples of adaptations = speed, camouflage, intelligence, theory of mind
Important = explanation for why we have certain characteristics and behave in certain ways. Evolutionary psychologists try to explain why an adaptation might have first evolved
What is sexual selection
A special form of natural selection concerned with reproductive success over increased survival
Physical and psychological characteristics that affects how mates are attracted and their quality
Strategies for reproductive success:
males: more mates = more offspring, limited investment
females: better quality males = long term care and protection
Intrasexual selection = males competing for mates through competition
Intersexual selection = females choosing males based on physical or behavioural characteristics eg peacock tail, good nest builder
Important = offers an explanation for the differences between males and females. Behaviour, physical, psychological
What is theory of mind?
Interpreting other people's behaviour. Trying to determine their thoughts and beliefs and not just their observed behaviour
To put oneself in another's shoes
Allows us to predict events and behaviour.
Increased chance of attracting a mate through saying what the other wants to hear
Studied by investigating:
Children as they develop ToM Wimmer and Perner (1983) (False-belief Maxi test Chandler et al 1989)
Autism - social interaction difficulties same as lack of ToM
Primates to see when ToM evolved
Archaeology emergence of art, burial art, need ToM for imagination
Important = an example of a psychological adaptation that supports the theory of evolution
What is reciprocal altruism?
Also known as direct reciprocity
As opposed to kin selection (inclusive fitness), 'selfish gene' Richard Dawkins AND indirect reciprocity, eg giving to charity, running charity races
Reciprocal altruism is helping someone not related (a friend or stranger), even though it is costly to the altruist, in the hopes that they will help you (Nowak and Sigmund, 2005)
Requires theory of mind, has a genetic component
Studied by using the prisoner's dilemma game