Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
51 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
Matter |
Anything that occupies space and has mass |
|
|
Mass |
The measure of the amount of matter an object contains |
|
|
Atom |
The smallest particle that can contain the chemical properties of an element |
|
|
Element |
A substance composed of atoms that cannot be broken down into smaller components |
|
|
Molecules |
Particles containing more than one atom |
|
|
Compounds |
Molecules that contain more than one element |
|
|
Mass number |
Total number of protons and neutrons in an element |
|
|
Isotopes |
Various kinds of atoms |
|
|
Radio activity decay |
The spontaneous release of material from the nucleus |
|
|
Half life |
The time it takes for one half of the original radioactive parent atom to decay |
|
|
Covalent bonds |
Elements that don’t readily gain or lose electrons from compounds by sharing electrons |
|
|
Ionic bonds |
Attractions between oppositely changes ions |
|
|
What is another name for an atom |
Ion |
|
|
Hydrogen bond |
A weak chemical bond that forms when hydrogen atoms are covalently bonded to one atom |
|
|
Polar molecule |
One side is more positive than the other is negative |
|
|
Surface tension |
Results from cohesion of water molecules at the surface of a body of water |
|
|
Cohesion |
Water molecules sticking together |
|
|
Adhesion |
Molecules repeal each other |
|
|
Capillary action |
Adhesion is water molecules to a surface is stronger than cohesion between the molecules |
|
|
Acid |
A substance that contributes hydrogen ions to a solution |
|
|
Base |
A substance that contributes hydroxide ions to a solution |
|
|
PH scale |
A way to indicate the strength of acids and bases |
|
|
Is a lower pH level more acidic or basic |
Acidic |
|
|
What does the ph scale go to and what is neutral |
14;7 |
|
|
Chemical reaction |
When atoms separate from the molecules they are a part of or re-combine with other molecules |
|
|
Law conservation of matter |
Matter cannot be created or destroyed it can only change form |
|
|
Inorganic compound |
Compounds that either do not contain the element carbon or do contain carbon but only carbon bonds to elements other than hydrogen |
|
|
Organic compounds |
Compounds that have carbon to carbon and carbon hydrogen bonds |
|
|
Carbohydrate |
Compounds composed of carbon hydrogen and oxygen atoms |
|
|
Example of carbohydrate |
Glucose |
|
|
Protein |
Made up of long chains of nitrogen containing organic molecules called amino acids |
|
|
Enzymes |
Proteins that help control the rate of chemical reaction |
|
|
Nucleic acid |
Organic compounds found in all living cells |
|
|
DNA |
Genetic material organisms passed on to their offspring that contains the code for reproducing the components of the next generation |
|
|
RNA |
Translate the code stored in the DNA and allows for the synthesis of proteins |
|
|
Lipids |
Smaller biological molecules that do not mix with water |
|
|
Cells |
Highly organized living entities that consist of the four types of micro molecules and other substances in a watery solution |
|
|
Electromagnetic radiation |
Form of energy that includes but is not limited to visible light ultraviolet light and heat |
|
|
Photons |
Massless packets of energy that travel at the speed of light and to move even through the vacuum of |
|
|
Joule |
Unit of energy |
|
|
Chemical energy |
Potential energy stored in chemical bonds |
|
|
First law of thermodynamics |
Energy cannot be created nor destroyed |
|
|
Second law of thermodynamics |
When energy is transferred the quality of energy remains the same but it’s ability to do work diminishes |
|
|
Energy efficiency |
The ratio of the amount of work that is done to the total amount of energy that is introduced into the system in the first place |
|
|
Energy quality |
The ease with which an energy source can be used for work |
|
|
Entropy |
Randomness |
|
|
Systems analysis |
A person determines inputs, outputs, and changes in the system under various conditions |
|
|
Steady state |
Weather inputs equal output so that the system is not changing over time |
|
|
Feedback |
The results of a process feedback into the system to change the rate of the process |
|
|
Negative feedback loops |
A system in response to a change by returning to its original state or at least by decreasing the rate at which the changes occurring |
|
|
Positive feedback loop |
Positive feedback amplifies changes and means good |
