Chapter 2 Chemical Basis Of Life

Front 1

Chemistry

Back 1

Branch of science that considers the composition of matter and how this composition changes

Front 2

Matter

Back 2

Anything that has weight and takes up space

Front 3

Elements

Back 3

Chemical substance with only one type of atom

Front 4

Atoms

Back 4

Smallest complete units of elements

Front 5

Chemical Bonds

Back 5

Attractive force holding atoms together

Front 6

Nucleus

Front 7

Electrons

Front 8

Protons

Back 8

Neutrons

Front 9

Atomic Number

Front 10

Atomic Weight

Front 11

Isotopes

Front 12

Radioactive

Back 12

Unstable isotopes that emit energetic particles

Front 13

Radiation

Back 13

The energy or atomic fragments given off by unstable isotopes

Front 14

Radiation Types

Back 14

Alpha - consists of particles from atomic nuclei each of which includes two protons and two neutrons

Beta - consists of electrons that travel more rapidly and penetrate matter more deeply

Gamma - similar to Xrays, most penetrating

Front 15

Inert

Back 15

Inactive as the outermost electron shells have filled and are stable structures

Front 16

Ions

Back 16

Electrically charged atom or molecules

Front 17

Ionic Bond (elctrovalent bond)

Back 17

Chemical bond that results when two ions form by transfer of electrons

Front 18

Covalent Bond

Back 18

Chemical bond formed by electron sharing between atoms

Front 19

Polar

Back 19

Molecule that has an uneven distribution of charges

Front 20

Hydrogen Bond

Back 20

Weak bond between a hydrogen atom and an atom of oxygen or nitrogen between molecules or different regions of a very large molecule

Front 21

Molecule

Back 21

Particle composed of two or more joined atoms

Front 22

Compounds

Back 22

Substance composed of two or more chemically bonded elements

Front 23

Molecular Formula

Back 23

Abbreviation for the number of atoms of each element in a compound

Front 24

Structural Formulas

Back 24

Representation of the way atoms bond to form a molecule, using symbols for each element and lines to indicate chemical bonds

Front 25

Synthesis

Back 25

Building large molecules from smaller ones

Front 26

Decomposition

Back 26

Breakdown of molecules

Front 27

Exchange Reaction

Back 27

Chemical reaction in which parts of two kinds of molecules trade positions

Front 28

Reversible Reaction

Back 28

Chemical reaction in which the products react, reforming the reactants

Front 29

Catalysts

Back 29

Chemical that increases the rate of a chemical reaction but is not permanently altered by the reaction

Front 30

Electrolytes

Back 30

Substance that ionizes in a water solution

Front 31

Acids

Back 31

Substance that ionizes in water to release hydrogen ions

Front 32

Bases

Back 32

Substance that ionizes in water, releasing hydroxide ions or other ions that combine with hydrogen ions

Front 33

pH

Back 33

A shorthand system that indicates the acidic or alkaline condition of a solution

Front 34

Buffers

Back 34

Substance that can react with a strong acid or base to form a weaker acid or base and thus resist a change in pH

Front 35

Organic

Back 35

Chemicals that contain both carbon and hydrogen

Front 36

Inorganic

Back 36

Chemical substances that do not include carbon and hydrogen atoms

Front 37

Carbohydrates

Back 37

Organic compound consisting of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen in a 1:2:1 ratio

Front 38

Monosaccharides

Back 38

includes glucose, fructose, galactose, ribose, and deoxyribose

Front 39

disaccharides

Back 39

includes lactose and sucrose

Front 40

Polysaccharides

Back 40

includes plant starch

Front 41

Lipids

Back 41

Chemical group that includes fats, steroids, and phospholipids

Front 42

Fats

Back 42

Organic molecule that includes glycerol and fatty acids

Front 43

Fatty Acids

Back 43

Building block of a fat molecule

Front 44

Glycerol

Back 44

Organic compound that is a building for a fat molecule

Front 45

Phospholipid

Back 45

Molecule consisting of two fatty acid molecules and a phosphate group bound to a glycerol molecule

Front 46

Steroid

Back 46

Type of lipid including complex rings of carbon and hydrogen atoms

Front 47

Proteins

Back 47

Nitrogen containing organic compound consisting of bonded amino acid and molecules

Front 48

Amino Acids

Back 48

Organic compound that includes an amino group and a carboxyl group

the structural unit of a protein molecule

Front 49

Conformation

Back 49

Three dimensional form of a protein

Front 50

Nucleic Acids

Back 50

A molecule that is a polymer of nucleotides RNA or DNA

Front 51

Nucleotides

Back 51

Building block of a nucleic acid molecule, consisting of a sugar, a nitrogenous base, and a phosphate group

Front 52

RNA

Back 52

ribonucleic acid

single stranded polymer of nucleotrides in which each nucleotide includes the sugar ribose, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base

Front 53

DNA

Back 53

Deoxyribonucelic acid

the genetic material