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30 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Ecosystem Types in the United States
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-Coasts and oceans
-Farmlands -Forests -Fresh waters -Grasslands and shrub lands -Urban and suburban areas |
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Biotic communities
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grouping or assemblage of plants, animals, and microbes
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Species
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different kinds of plants, animals, and microbes in the community
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Populations
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number of individuals that make up the interbreeding, reproducing group
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Associations
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how a biotic community fits into the landscape
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Ecosystems – A definition
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A grouping of plants, animals, and microbes occupying an explicit unit of space and interacting with each other and their environment
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How Ecosystems Are Formed
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Abiotics (moisture and temp) predict Plants which predict animals
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Ecotone
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transitional region between different ecosystems
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describe ecotone
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Shares many of the species and characteristics of both ecosystems
May also include unique conditions that support distinctive plant and animal species |
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inorganic
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Oxygen
Carbon dioxide Nitrogen Water pH |
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Organic
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All living things
Products of living things |
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Autotrophs
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self feeder
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Heterotrophs
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Consumer
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Primary consumers
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herbivores
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Secondary consumers
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carnivores = predators =
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Parasites or Predators
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either plant or animal: “prey” are plants or animals
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Detritus feeders and decomposers
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bacteria and fungi: prey are dead plants or animals
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Trophic Levels: Food Chain
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bottom working up > producer >primary consumer>Secondary consumer>Third order consumer
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Trophic Level Energy Flow
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Bottom working up > Producer 1,000 Kcal > -10x >Primary consumer 100 Kcal > -10x > Secondary consumer 10Kcal > -10x > Third order consumer 1 Kcal
~90% of biomass is lost at each trophic level! |
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Symbiosis
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Living Together
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Mutualism
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Both species benefit by the interaction between the two species: flowers and insects
+ and + |
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Commensalism
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One species benefits from the interaction and the other is unaffected: remora fish and shark
+ and 0 |
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+ and –
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One species benefits from the interaction and the other is adversely affected. Examples are predation, parasitism, and disease.
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Competition
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– and – Both species CAN be adversely affected by the interaction.
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One way to avoid competition
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through resource partitioningthe
5 warbler spp. by feeding at different levels and on different parts of trees. |
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tolerance
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The capacity of an organism to withstand or adjust to any
disturbed conditions in the environment. |
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Biome
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a group of ecosystems that
are related by having a similar type of vegetation governed by similar climatic conditions. |
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What are the key factors determining
the type of biome that would occur in a certain region? |
1. Moisture determines if vegetation
can be supported at all. 2. Temperature determines kind of forest (liquid – rain forest; solid – permafrost) |
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Temperature for a
region varies with both |
latitude
and altitude. |
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Three revolutions
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Neolithic – the development of agriculture
Industrial – the development of modern science & technology Environmental – the transition/revolution needed now and in the near future to move the human system from its present state to one that is sustainable. |