Chapter 2

Front 1

Crude birth rate

Back 1

Total # of live births in a year for every 1,000 ppl alive in the society

Front 2

Crude death rate

Back 2

Total # of deaths in a year for every 1,000 ppl alive in the society

Front 3

Natural increase rate

Back 3

% by which a population grows in a year

Front 4

Natural

Back 4

A country's growth rate excludes migration

Front 5

Doubling time

Back 5

# of years needed to double a population

Front 6

Total fertility rate

Back 6

Measures # of births in a society & is the average # of children a women will have thought out her childbearing years

Front 7

Infant mortality rate

Back 7

Annual # of deaths of infants under 1 year of age compared with total live births

Front 8

Life expectancy

Back 8

At birth, it measures average # years a newborn infant can expect to live at current morality levels

Front 9

Crude

Back 9

When we are concerned with society as a whole rather than particular groups or individuals

Front 10

Where do they have the highest IMR rates

Back 10

In the LCDs of sub-Saharan Africa

Front 11

Where is the lowest rate of IMR?

Back 11

In Europe

Front 12

What does IMR reflect?

Back 12

It reflects a country's health care system

Front 13

Where is life expectancy most favorable and where is it least favorable?

Back 13

Most favorable in wealthy countries, least favorable in poor countries

Front 14

MDCs have lower rates of what?

Back 14

Lower rates of natural increase,crude birth, total fertility, infant morality and higher average life expectancy

Front 15

Demographic transition

Back 15

Populations of different countries are at various stages

Front 16

Ecumene

Back 16

The portion of Earth's surface occupied by permanent human settlement

Front 17

Arithmetic density

Back 17

Total number of objects in an area, can also refer to the total number of ppl divided by total land area

Front 18

Physiological density

Back 18

In a region, the number of ppl supported by a unit area of arable land

Front 19

Agricultural density

Back 19

The ratio of the number of farmers to the amount of arable land, which is land suitable for agriculture

Front 20

4 major population concentration regions

Back 20

East Asia, South Asia, Southeast Asia, and Europe

Front 21

What 4 lands are outside of populated regions?

Back 21

Dry lands, wet lands, cold lands, and high lands

Front 22

Demography

Back 22

Scientific study of population characteristics

Front 23

Overpopulation

Back 23

Relationship between the # of ppl & the availability of resources

Front 24

Population density can be computer in what ways?

Back 24

Arithmetic density, physiological density & agricultural density

Front 25

Agricultural revolution

Back 25

The time when human beings first domesticated plants and animals and no longer relied entirely on hunting and gathering

Front 26

Industrial revolution

Back 26

Began in England in late 18th century and spread to the European continent and North America during the 19th century; it was a conjunction of major improvements in industrial technology that transformed the process of manufacturing goods and delivering them to market

Front 27

Zero population growth (ZPG)

Back 27

Term often applied to stage 4 countries, it may occur when the CBR is still slightly higher than the CDR

Front 28

Population pyramid

Back 28

A country's population can be displayed by age and gender groups on a bar graph; normally shows the percentage of the total population in 5-year age groups, which is the youngest at the base and oldest at the top

Front 29

Dependency ratio

Back 29

Most important factor which is the # of ppl who are too young or too old to work compared to the # of ppl in their productive years

Front 30

Sex ratio

Back 30

The # of males per hundred females on the population

Front 31

Epidemiologic transition

Back 31

Focused on distinctive caused of death in each stage of the demographic transition; the term comes from epidemiology

Front 32

Epidemiology

Back 32

Branch of medical science concerned with the incidence, distribution, and control of diseases that are prevalent among a population at a special time and are produced by some special time and are produced by some special causes not generally present in the affected locality

Front 33

Black Plague

Back 33

Bubonic plaque, which was probably transmitted to humans by fleas from migrating infected rats; it originated in present-day Kyrgyzstan and was brought from there by a Tatar army when it attacked an Italian trading post on the Black Sea in present-day Ukraine

Front 34

Pandemic

Back 34

Disease that occurs over a wide geographic area and affects a very high portion of the population

Front 35

Three reasons help to explain the possible emergence of a stage 5 of the epidemiologic transition

Back 35

Evolution, poverty, and improved travel