Chapter 2

Front 1

define CATALIST

Back 1

a substance that speeds up rate of chemical reactions

Front 2

Proteins that act as biological catalysts are called

Back 2

ENZYMES

Front 3

what do ENZYMES do?

Back 3

speed up rate of chemical reactions that take place in cells

Front 4

From what part of an ENZYME's name usually derived?

Back 4

from the reaction is catalyzes.

Front 5

define SUBSTRATES

Back 5

the reactants of enzyme-catalyzed reactions

Front 6

the binding together of an enzyme and a substrate forms a(n)

Back 6

enzyme-substrate complex

Front 7

define REACTANTS

Back 7

the elements or compounds that enter into a chemical reaction (what goes in: LEFT of arrow)

Front 8

the elements or compounds that enter into a chemical reaction (what goes in: LEFT of arrow)

Back 8

REACTANTS

Front 9

define PRODUCTS

Back 9

the elements or compounds PRODUCED by a chemical reaction (what comes out: RIGHT of arrow)

Front 10

the elements or compounds PRODUCED by a chemical reaction (what comes out: RIGHT of arrow)

Back 10

PRODUCTS

Front 11

what is released or absored whenever chemical bonds are formed or are broken?

Back 11

ENERGY

Front 12

the energy needed to get a reaction started

Back 12

activation energy

Front 13

define HYDROLYSIS

Back 13

the breaking apart of the water molecule

Front 14

How are the terms CATALYST & ENZYME related?

Back 14

enzymes are proteins that act as bioligical catalysts.

Front 15

How does our bodies use proteins?

Back 15

1] to fight diseases
2] to carry out chemical reactions in our body
3] & to transpot small molecules in and out of cells

Front 16

what is the relationship between atoms & molecules?

Back 16

The atoms in compounds are held together by chemical bonds.
The molecule is the smallest unit of most compounds.

Front 17

Name the 4 groups of organic compounds found in living things

Back 17

1] carbohydrates
2] lipids
3] nucleic acids
4] proteins

Front 18

The process in which large compounds -POLYMERS are built by joining together smaller compounds -MONOMERS.

Back 18

POLYMERIZATION

Front 19

IONIC BOND

Back 19

the chemical bond in which electrons are transferred from one atom to another.

Front 20

COVALENT BOND

Back 20

the chimical bond in which electrons are shared between atoms.

Front 21

the large macromolecule formed from monosaccharides

Back 21

POLYSACCHARIDES

Front 22

amino acides make up what polymer?

Back 22

PROTEIN

Front 23

large compoung formed by the joining of small compounds, called monomers.

Back 23

POLYMER

Front 24

What works by lowering a reactions activation energy?

Back 24

CATALYSTS

Front 25

define ENZYME

Back 25

proteins that act as biological catalysts
(speed up chemical reactions that take place in cells)

Front 26

molecular formula for all monosaccharides

Back 26

C₆H₁₂O₆

Front 27

Stuctural group associated with all fatty acids

Back 27

C=C, double covalent bond

Front 28

The bond that joins two amino acids to form a protein

Back 28

PEPTIDE bond

Front 29

made mostly from carbon and hydrogen atoms. Can be used to store energy; molecules are made up of FATTY ACIDS & GLYCEROL

Back 29

LIPIDS

Front 30

define LIPIDS

Back 30

made mostly from carbon and hydrogen atoms. Can be used to store energy; molecules are made up of FATTY ACIDS & GLYCEROL

Front 31

the binding together of an enzyme and a substrate forms a(n)

Back 31

enzyme-substrate complex

Front 32

sinlge sugar molecule

Back 32

monosaccharide

Front 33

used to store energy

Back 33

lipids

Front 34

the monomer that makes up a nucleic acid

Back 34

nucleotide

Front 35

name the 5 elements found in nucleic acids

Back 35

hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, carbon, phosphorus

Front 36

the reactants of an enzyme - catalyzed reaction are known as

Back 36

SUBSTRATES

Front 37

stores and transmits genetic information

Back 37

nucleic acid

Front 38

the number of protons is the __ of an atom.

Back 38

atomic number

Front 39

what kind of bond holds together protein molceules

Back 39

van der waals forces & hydrogen bonds

Front 40

each nucleotide has what 3 things?

Back 40

1]5-carbon sugar
2]Phosphate group
3]nitrogleous base

Front 41

monomer of a protein

Back 41

amino acids

Front 42

2 or more different atoms are combined in definate proportions in any what?

Back 42

compound

Front 43

what elements make up FATTY ACIDS & ALCOHOLS

Back 43

1] carbon
2] hydrogen
3] oxygen

Front 44

molecule given off when 2 monosaccharides form together to form a disaccharide

Back 44

a WATER molecule

Front 45

Identify the 4 special parts of each amino acid.

Back 45

1] amino group
2] r-group
3] carboxyl group
4] hydorgen atom

Front 46

list the elements found in amino acids?

Back 46

1] carbon
2} hydrogen
3} oxygen
4] nitrogen

Front 47

atoms of the same element that differ in the numebr of neutrons

Back 47

isotypes

Front 48

what makes each amino acid different from one another

Back 48

the r-group

Front 49

atoms of the same element that differ in the numebr of neutrons

Back 49

isotypes

Front 50

what makes each amino acid different from one another

Back 50

the r-group