Chapter 2

Front 1

A scientific guess to explain an occurrence

Back 1

Hypothesis

Front 2

Scientist use a set standard for conducting research called the

Back 2

Scientific method

Front 3

Order of scientific method

Back 3

1. Observe/ question and research 2.develop a hypothesis 3. Develop a controlled experiment 4. Record data. 5. Analyze data 6.evaluate results: come up with a conclusion

Front 4

An experiment that contains only one experiment variable

Back 4

Controlled experiment

Front 5

The periodic table shows what

Back 5

All of the elements and their properties

Front 6

2 or more elements linked chemically

Back 6

Compound

Front 7

2 or more atoms held together by covalent bonds

Back 7

Molecule

Front 8

Very small units of matter

Back 8

Atoms

Front 9

All living things and non living things are composed of

Back 9

Atoms

Front 10

Subatomic particles

Back 10

Protons +

Neutrons +/-

Electrons -

Front 11

Atoms can join together through

Back 11

Chemical bonding

Front 12

Two major types of bonds

Back 12

Covalent and ionic bonds

Front 13

Strongest bonds where atoms share electrons

Back 13

Covalent bonds

Front 14

Usually 2 elements that are closest together on the periodic table

Back 14

Electrons

Front 15

The thing being tested

Back 15

An experimental or independent variable

Front 16

Water is a ..... bonded substance

Back 16

Covalently

Front 17

Oppositely charged atoms are attracted to one another

Back 17

Ionic bond

Front 18

Usually a metal and a non metal

Back 18

Ionic bond

Front 19

Makes up 65 to 95 percent of most living things

Back 19

Water

Front 20

Water is the universal solvent meaning...

Back 20

Many things can easily dissolve in it

Front 21

Sticks together very well

Back 21

Cohesion

Front 22

The cohesion allows it to form droplets making a kind of membrane called

Back 22

Surface tension

Front 23

Water can be

Back 23

Cohesive and adhesive

Front 24

When water sticks to something else

Back 24

Adhesion

Front 25

What cannot mix with water

Back 25

Oil

Front 26

Variables or conditions that stay the same in an experiment

Back 26

Constant

Front 27

Water is

Back 27

Polar (has a slight charge)

Front 28

Can absorb lots of heat energy

Back 28

High specific heat

Front 29

Must absorb large amounts of heat before it turns to a vapor

Back 29

High heat of vaporization

Front 30

Water resist

Back 30

Temperature changes

Front 31

How does water freeze

Back 31

From the top to the bottom

Front 32

Water can climb inside a tube with a very small diameter

Back 32

Capillary action

Front 33

Contain carbon and hydrogen atoms

Back 33

Organic compounds

Front 34

Does not have carbon

Back 34

Inorganic compounds

Front 35

Most of your bodies molecules are

Back 35

Organic compounds

Front 36

Large molecule

Back 36

Macromolecule

Front 37

The data that is observed and measured as a result of the independent variable

Back 37

Dependent variable

Front 38

4 main types of molecules

Back 38

Carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, nucleus acids

Front 40

If the hypothesis is wrong what should you do

Back 40

Change the hypothesis and not the data

Front 41

An explanation of natural phenomenon that is backed by scientific evidence

Back 41

Theory

Front 42

Anything that occupies space and has mass

Back 42

Matter

Front 43

Substances that cannot be broken down

Back 43

Elements

Front 44

Elements can be remembered as ...... of atoms

Back 44

Flavors

Front 45

4 of these elements make up 96% of living matter

Back 45

Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen

Front 46

Composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms

Back 46

Carbohydrates

Front 47

Formula for carbohydrates

Back 47

(Ch2o) where n is the number of carbon atoms

Front 48

What is our main energy source

Back 48

Carbs

Front 49

Lipids

Back 49

Class of macromolecules that do not dissolve in water

Compounds known as fats, oils, waxes, and steroids

Front 50

Lipid=

Back 50

Fat

Front 51

Function of lipids

Back 51

Energy storage

Structural support in cell membranes

Serve as reactants for metabolic reactions

Front 52

Lipids that contain phosphate

Back 52

Phospholipids

(Phospholipids are major components of the cell membrane)

Front 53

Lipids with four linked rings of carbon

Back 53

Steroids

(Steroids include cholesterol and hormones)

Front 54

The building blocks( monomers) of lipids

Back 54

Fatty acids

Front 55

Have only single bonds between carbons and max number of hydrogens

Back 55

Saturated fats

Front 56

Have double bonds between carbons making less room for hydrogen

Back 56

Unsaturated fats

Front 57

Saturated animal fats( bad fats) are associated with

Back 57

Heart disease

Front 58

What are the building blocks of carbohydrates

Back 58

Monosaccharides

Front 59

Organic compounds composed of carbon, hydrogen, and nitrogen atoms

Back 59

Proteins

Front 60

Proteins are construction materials for body parts like

Back 60

Hair, skin, nails, and blood

Front 61

The building blocks (monomers) of proteins

Back 61

Amino acids

Front 62

There are ..... different types of amino acids

Back 62

20

Front 63

Proteins that help control chemical reactions by acting as catalysts

Back 63

Enzymes

Front 64

Speeds up reactions by lowering activation energy

Back 64

Catalysts

Front 65

Y

Back 65

Y

Front 66

Simple sugars

Back 66

Monosaccharides

Front 67

If it ends -ase

Back 67

Enzyme

Front 68

If it ends in -ose

Back 68

Sugar

Front 69

Contain two monosaccharides

Back 69

Disaccharides

Front 70

Commonly found in milk

Back 70

Lactose

Front 71

“Table sugar” transported in plants

Back 71

Sucrose

Front 72

Carbohydrates formed from many individual sugars into long chains

Back 72

Polysaccharides

Front 73

Ex of polysaccharides

Back 73

Starch- in plants(bread, pasta, potatoes). Cellulose-cell walls of plants. Glyveogen-storage form of glucose in animals

Front 74

Formula for carbohydrates

Back 74

(Ch2o) where n is the number of carbon atoms

Front 75

What is our main energy source

Back 75

Carbs

Front 76

Lipids

Back 76

Class of macromolecules that do not dissolve in water

Compounds known as fats, oils, waxes, and steroids

Front 77

Lipid=

Back 77

Fat

Front 78

Function of lipids

Back 78

Energy storage

Structural support in cell membranes

Serve as reactants for metabolic reactions

Front 79

Lipids that contain phosphate

Back 79

Phospholipids

(Phospholipids are major components of the cell membrane)

Front 80

Lipids with four linked rings of carbon

Back 80

Steroids

(Steroids include cholesterol and hormones)

Front 81

The building blocks( monomers) of lipids

Back 81

Fatty acids

Front 82

Have only single bonds between carbons and max number of hydrogens

Back 82

Saturated fats

Front 83

Have double bonds between carbons making less room for hydrogen

Back 83

Unsaturated fats

Front 84

Saturated animal fats( bad fats) are associated with

Back 84

Heart disease

Front 85

What are the building blocks of carbohydrates

Back 85

Monosaccharides

Front 86

Organic compounds composed of carbon, hydrogen, and nitrogen atoms

Back 86

Proteins

Front 87

Proteins are construction materials for body parts like

Back 87

Hair, skin, nails, and blood

Front 88

The building blocks (monomers) of proteins

Back 88

Amino acids

Front 89

There are ..... different types of amino acids

Back 89

20

Front 90

Proteins that help control chemical reactions by acting as catalysts

Back 90

Enzymes

Front 91

Speeds up reactions by lowering activation energy

Back 91

Catalysts

Front 92

Y

Back 92

Y

Front 93

Simple sugars

Back 93

Monosaccharides

Front 94

If it ends -ase

Back 94

Enzyme

Front 95

If it ends in -ose

Back 95

Sugar

Front 96

Contain two monosaccharides

Back 96

Disaccharides

Front 97

Commonly found in milk

Back 97

Lactose

Front 98

“Table sugar” transported in plants

Back 98

Sucrose

Front 99

Carbohydrates formed from many individual sugars into long chains

Back 99

Polysaccharides

Front 100

Example of polysaccharides

Back 100

Starch- in plants(bread, pasta, potatoes). Cellulose-cell walls of plants. Glyveogen-storage form of glucose in animals

Front 101

Organic molecules that store genetic information

Back 101

Nucleic acid

Front 102

The building block of nucleic acid’s

Back 102

Nucleotides

Front 103

The genetic information inside the nucleus of cells

Back 103

DNA

Front 104

Code for protein synthesis

Back 104

RNA

Front 105

Energy for the cell

Back 105

ATP