Chapter 19.1: Cell-Cycle Regulation And The Genetics Of Cancer

Front 1

attrition

Back 1

a wearing down or weakening of resistance

Front 2

senescence

Back 2

growing old; aging.

Front 3

Cancer accounts for % of all deaths

Back 3

25%

Front 4

cancer results from mutations in genes that:

Back 4

cancer results from mutations in genes that regulate a cell's passage through the cycle of growth and division

Front 5

Mutations that interfere with the cell cycle are ________

Back 5

lethal

Front 6

What does MPF stand for?

Back 6

maturation-promoting factor?

Front 7

What does an MPFdo?

Back 7

A protein that controls division

Front 8

CDK

Back 8

cyclin-dependent kinases; kinases that require another protein called cyclin for activity

Front 9

protein kinase

Back 9

enzyme that adds a phosphate group to a target protein molecule

Front 10

substrate

Back 10

the target on an enzyme

Front 11

nuclear lamins

Back 11

group of proteins that underlie the inner surface of the nuclear membrane

Front 12

ubiquitin

Back 12

tag that marks proteins for degradation

Front 13

checkpoints

Back 13

check for errors before allowing the cell cycle to progress

Front 14

gene amplification

Back 14

increase from the normal two copies to hundreds of copies of a gene

Front 15

apoptosis

Back 15

programmed cell death (PCD); cellular suicide

Front 16

aneuploidy

Back 16

the loss or gain of one or more chromosome

Front 17

hormones

Back 17

extra-cellular signals

e.g., steroids, peptides, proteins

Front 18

growth factor

Back 18

extracellular hormones and cell-bound signals that stimulate or inhibit cell proliferation

Front 19

signal transduction

Back 19

activation and inhibition of intracellular targets after growth-factor binding