Chapter 19.1 19.2

Front 1

cardiovascular system

Back 1

the heart and blood vessels make up this system.
the system of passages through which blood flows: heart, arteries, veins and capillaries.

Front 2

pulmonary circuit

Back 2

carries blood to the lungs for gas exchange, then back to the heart
supplied by the right side of the heart.
carries de oxygenated blood to the lungs through the pulmonary trunk to the pulmonary arteries, to the alveoli of lungs.
carries oxygenated blood from the lungs to the left side of the heart through pumonary veins

Front 3

systemic circuit

Back 3

supplies blood to every organ of the body
supplied by the left side of the heart
blood leaves through the aorta

Front 4

mediastinum

Back 4

the cavity between the lungs where the heart is located.

Front 5

heart size and location

Back 5

located in the mediastinum
it leans to the left (2/3 on the left)
size of a fist

Front 6

pericardium

Back 6

double-walled sac enclosing the heart to separate it from the other organs, lubricate it and allow appropriate expansion.
2 layers: parietal and viscelral pericardium

Front 7

Parietal pericardium

Back 7

has an outer layer of dense irregular fibrous connective tissue and an inner layer of serous membrane that secretes serous lubricating fluid.

Front 8

Visceral pericardium

Back 8

the serous layer of the parietal pericardium folds inwards to cover the surface of the heart. This creates the pericardial cavity filled with pericardial fluid.

Front 9

pericadial cavity

Back 9

space between parietal and viscereal ppericardium mebranes that contains pericardial fluid.

Front 10

heart wall layers

Back 10

epicardium- outer
myocarium- middle
endocardium- inner

Front 11

epicardium

Back 11

(AKA. visceral pericardium)- simple squamous epithelium overlies thin areolar tissue and has thick deposits of fat that fill heart grooves and cover coronary vessels.
found on external heart surface

Front 12

myocardium

Back 12

thickest layer
a cardiac muscle surrounding a fibrous skeleton of colagen and elastic fibers.
found in between epicardium and endocardium
performs the work of the heart

Front 13

heart fibrous skeleton

Back 13

1. provides structural support for the heart, valves and vessel openings.
2. provides a framework for cardiac muscle to pull agains
3. Non-conductive barrier to prevent electrical impulses from travelling directly from atria to ventricles.

Front 14

endocardium

Back 14

simple squamous epithelium overlying thin layer of areolar tissue that lines the chambers and valves of the heart.
inner most heart wall layer
no adipose tissue

Front 15

chambers

Back 15

two superior atria receive blood entering the heart
two inferior ventricles pump blood away from the heart.

Front 16

atrium

Back 16

right atrium- receives deoxygenated blood from superior and inferior vena cava and passes it to the right atrium throught the right AV valve

left atrium- receives oxygenated blood from the pulmonary veins and sends it to left ventricle though the left AV valve

each contains and auricle to increase surface area

Front 17

ventricles

Back 17

right- receives deoxygenated blood from right atrium through right AV valve. contracts to send blood through the pulmonary trunk into pumonary arteries into the lungs.

left- receives oxygeated blood from left atrium though the left AV valve. it then contracts to send blood through the aorta to the rest of the body.

Front 18

auricle

Back 18

ear-like extensions off of the atria that increase volume.

Front 19

pectinate muscle

Back 19

-internal ridges of myocardium in the atria and auricles
help direct blood flow, and prevents blood from going back where it came from (not perfect tho)

Front 20

Trabeculae carnae

Back 20

ridges of myocardium in the ventricles.

Front 21

valve types

Back 21

prevent the backflow of blood in the heart (2 of em):
1. atrioventricular valve
2. semilunar valves

Front 22

antriventricular valves

Back 22

separate the atria from the ventricles. Composed of cusps of fibrous tissue attached to tendon-like chordae tendonae anchored to papillary muscles inside the ventricles. 3 cusps on the right AV valve (tricuspid) and 2 cusps on the left AV valve (bicuspid).

Front 23

chordae tendineae

Back 23

stringy tendinous chords connect vavlve cusps to

Front 24

tricuspid

Back 24

right AV valve. contains three cusps.

Front 25

bicuspid

Back 25

left AV valve
contains 2 cusps

Front 26

Semilunar valves

Back 26

separate the ventricles from their major arteries (pulmonary and aortic). Composed of 3 loose cusps of fibrous connective tissue that open like parachutes when blood flows the wrong way.

Front 27

pulmonary valve

Back 27

controls the opening from the right ventricle into the pulmonary trunk
3 cusps

Front 28

aortic vavlue

Back 28

controls the opening from the left ventricle to the aorta
3 cusps9

Front 29

Coronary circulation

Back 29

Feeds blood to the heart tissue by left and right coronary arteries that branch off of the aorta.
The great cardiac vein (anterior) and middle cardiac vein (posterior) collect venous blood from the heart and deposit it in the right atrium through the coronary sinus.

Front 30

left coronary artery

Back 30

branches off the aorta to supply blood to both ventricles and left atrium

Front 31

right coronary artery

Back 31

branches off the aorta to supply blood to the right atrium and the sinoatrial node as well as the external surfaces of the ventricles

Front 32

venous drainage

Back 32

the route blood takes to leave an organ
occurs in the heart through the great and middle cardiac vein

Front 33

great cardiac vein

Back 33

collects blood from the hearts anterior and emptys it into the coronary sinus

Front 34

middle cardiac vein

Back 34

collects blood from the hearts posterior and emptys it into the coronary sinus

Front 35

coronoary sinus

Back 35

collects blood from the great and middle cardiac vein and empties it into the right atrium