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59 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Respiration is
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The entire process of gas exchange between the atmosphere and cells
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Breathing functions to
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deliver oxygen to cells, where it takes part in the reactions of cellular respiration that liberate energy from nutrient molecules and get rid of carbon dioxide, which maintains the pH of the internal environment
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Which of the following bones does not house a sinus?
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zygomatic
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Which of these laryngeal cartilages is single?
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cricoid
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The pitch of a vocal sound is controlled by changing the
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Tension on the vocal cords
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Arielle is an 8 year old with cystic fibrosis. For 30 minutes each morning and evening, a parent holds her body in various positions and massages and kneads the areas over her lungs to dislodge the abundant, sticky mucus, which Arielle spits into a jar. She also takes medication - an enzyme- that thins the mucus. If she didn't take these measures, the mucus in her lungs would most likely increase her risk of
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Infection
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The intensity (volume) of a vocal sound is a result of the
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Force of air passing over the vocal cords
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A flashlight placed just below the eyebrow in a darkened room illuminates the
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Frontal sinus
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Laryngitis is a potentially dangerous condition because it may
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Obstruct the airway
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The procedure used to directly examine the trachea and bronchial tree is called
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bronchoscopy
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The pharynx functions as a ______, whereas the larynx functions as a ______
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common passageway for air and food; passageway for air only
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The trachea
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Is lined with a ciliated mucous membrane
includes 20 C shaped cartilage rings is a passageway for air |
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The force that moves air into the lungs during inspiration comes from the
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Atmospheric pressure
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The force responsible for normal expiration is supplied by the
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Elastic recoil of tissues and surface tension
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The volume of air that enters the lungs during forced maximal inspiration is the
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Inspiratory reserve volume
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Of the respiratory air volumes listed, which one has the largest volume?
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Vital capacity
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Respiratory distress syndrome in newborns is caused by
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Lack of surfactant
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Air entering the potential space of the pleural cavity is called
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Pneumothorax
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A simple spirometer cannot measure which of the following air volume?
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Residual volume
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The volume of air that enters (or leaves) during a single respiratory cycle is the
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Tidal volume
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"I'm going to hold my breath until I turn blue and stop breathing and die and it will be all your fault!" shrieked the 6-year-old at her father. The child was unable to carry out her threat because
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Increased CO2 and hydrogen ion concentration and decreased oxygen concentration stimulate chemoreceptors
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Baby Timothy suffers from apnea and is hooked up to a monitor to warn his parents when he stops breathing. Timothy's dad snores very loudly. Timothy's condition differs from his father's in that infant apnea is
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A central problem of respiratory control
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The ventral part of the medulla oblongata near the origin of the vagus nerve has
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Central chemoreceptors
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Referral receptors stimulate the respiratory areas resulting in
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increased respiratory rate
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The partial pressure of oxygen that stimulates the respiratory areas is ____ of normal.
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50%
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Oxygen plays a minor role in control of normal respiration because
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deoxygenated venous blood is 75% saturated
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The chemoreceptors in the carotid and aortic bodies are most sensitive to changes in blood concentration of
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Oxygen
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Carbon dioxide is sometimes added to the air that a patient breathes in order to
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Increase the rate and depth of breathing
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Max works out about an hour every day, using aerobic machines at a gym. During his moderate physical exercise, blood concentrations of
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Oxygen and carbon dioxide remain nearly unchanged
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The walls of the alveoli are composed of
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Simple squamous epithelium
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The respiratory membrane consists of
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two thicknesses of epithelial cells and basement membranes
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Alveoli are kept clean by the action of
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Macrophages
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In bronchopulmonary dysplasia, the lungs of newborns become inflamed and scarred. Most infants recover, but some die. An experimental treatment cultures stem cells from a newborn's umbilical cord. The stem cells, in a lab dish, give rise to type II cells, which in turn give rise to more type I cells. In this treatment
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the type II cells secrete surfactant and the type 1 cells from the respiratory membrane
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Police stop Richard for driving erratically at 3 a.m. and give him a breathalyzer test which he fails miserably because of
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The thinness of his respiratory membranes
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The amount of oxygen released from oxyhemoglobin increases when
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Carbon dioxide concentration increases
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globin is
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The protein part of hemoglobin, which carries oxygen in the blood
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A mother and two young children are found passed out in their apartment, where a space heater is on. Emergency medical technician suspect carbon monoxide poisoning, so they give the patients
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Highly concentrated oxygen and some carbon dioxide
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Changes in the respiratory system that accompany aging are
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thickened mucus
slowed swallowing reflex Cilia become less active or vanish |
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Exposure to secondhand smoke can cause or increase risk of
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heart disease, lung cancer, and low birth weight
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Exposure to secondhand smoke increases risk of
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damage to the smooth endothelial lining of blood vessels
platelet activation abnormal blood |
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Cancer that originates in the lungs is most likely to begin in
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Epithelial cells
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Smokers are more susceptible to respiratory infection because
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Their respiratory passages lose Cilia, which would otherwise remove bacteria
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In October 2001 at the site of the World Trade Center in New York City, fires were still burning from the terrorist attacks that had brought down the buildings. The greatest danger to the respiratory system was
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very small particles of debris
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A disorder seen in people who work in factories that package buttered popcorn, caused by inhaling organic dust, is
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Extrinsic allergic alveolitis
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During an asthma attack, the patient usually finds it most difficult to
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Exhale
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Breathing rate increases during exercise due to
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-Signals from the cerebral cortex to the respiratory areas when it also signals skeletal muscles to contract
-Stimulation of the respiratory areas by decreasing blood concentration of oxygen and increasing blood concentration of carbon dioxide -a joint reflex |
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The hypoxia associated with high altitude can cause
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Vasoconstriction of the pulmonary blood vessels
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At high altitudes, when capillary pressure becomes too high,
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Fluid filters out of the blood and collects in the alveoli (pulmonary edema)
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Pneumonia can be caused by
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Bacteria, viruses, or fungi
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Cellular respiration enables cells to harness the energy from oxygen.
TRUE/FALSE |
false
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The organs of the upper respiratory tract are located outside the thorax.
TRUE/FALSE |
true
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The pharynx is an enlargement at the top of the trachea that houses the vocal cords.
TRUE/FALSE |
false
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The glottis is the opening between the vocal cords.
TRUE/FALSE |
true
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The left lung is larger than the right lung and is divided into three lobes.
TRUE/FALSE |
false
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The inflation reflex is activated when stretch receptors are stimulated during inspiration.
TRUE/FALSE |
true
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A sudden contraction of the diaphragm while the glottis is closed produces a sneeze.
TRUE/FALSE |
false
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Ordinary air is about 21% oxygen and 0.04% carbon dioxide.
TRUE/FALSE |
true
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The greatest amount of carbon dioxide transported in the blood is in the form of dissolved carbon dioxide.
TRUE/FALSE |
false
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Oxygen is carried in the blood in the form of bicarbonate ions and is bond to hemoglobin.
TRUE/FALSE |
false
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