Chapter 19 Egan`s

Front 1

DL

Back 1

milliliters of gas the lungs can transfer to the blood

Front 2

ERV

Back 2

the amount of air you can exhale after a normal exhalation

Front 3

VT

Back 3

volume inspired with normal breath

Front 4

IRV

Back 4

amount of air you can inhale after a normal inspiration

Front 5

RV

Back 5

air left in the lungs after a maximal exhalation

Front 6

TLC

Back 6

largest amount of air the lungs can hold

Front 7

VC

Back 7

amount of air you can exhale after a maximum inspiration

Front 8

IC

Back 8

amount of air you can inhale after a normal exhalation

Front 9

FRC

Back 9

air left in the lungs after a normal exhalation

Front 10

MVV

Back 10

greatest amount of air you can breath in 12 to 15 seconds (must remember to extrapolate out to 1 minute)

Front 11

FVC

Back 11

amount of air you can forcefully exhale after a maimum inspiration(#1 PFT test done)

Front 12

PEF

Back 12

fast flow rate generated at the very beginning of the forced exhalation

Front 13

FEF (25-75%)

Back 13

average expiration flow during the middle part of forced exhalation

Front 14

FEV1

Back 14

volume of air you can forcefully exhale in 1 second

Front 15

FEF (200-1200)

Back 15

average expiratory flow during the early part of forced exhalation

Front 16

FEV1/FVC

Back 16

ratio of volume exhaled in 1 second to total volume exhaled (remember to use best test to get best %)

Front 17

diffusing capacity of the lung

Back 17

DL

Front 18

diffusing capacity of the lung for carbon monoxide

Back 18

DLCO

Front 19

diffusing capacity of the lung to effective total lung capacity ratio

Back 19

DLCO/VA

Front 20

effective total lung capacity

Back 20

VA

Front 21

expiratory reserve volume

Back 21

ERV

Front 22

force expiratory flow during the middle 50% of FVC (assesses smaller airways)

Back 22

FEF 25-75%

Front 23

average flow rate early in the FVC (acesses larger airways)

Back 23

FEF 200-1200

Front 24

forced expiratory volume in 1 second

Back 24

FEV1

Front 25

forced expiratory volume in half of a second

Back 25

FEV 0.5

Front 26

Forced vital capacity

Back 26

FVC

Front 27

Functional residual capacity

Back 27

FRC

Front 28

Inspiratory capacity

Back 28

IC

Front 29

Inspiratory reserve volume

Back 29

IRV

Front 30

Maximal voluntary ventilation (breath) in 12-45 seconds (reflects the pt effort, function of respiratory muscles, ability of chest wall to expand & patentcy of airways)

Back 30

MVV

Front 31

minute ventilation

Back 31

VE

Front 32

obstructive pulmonary disease (they have a prob here) peak expiratory flow rate

Back 32

PEF

Front 33

residual volume

Back 33

RV

Front 34

restrictive pulmonary disease thoracic gas volume

Back 34

TGV

Front 35

tidal volume

Back 35

VT

Front 36

total lung capacity

Back 36

TLC

Front 37

Vital capacity

Back 37

VC

Front 38

Which volumes cannot be measured with a spirometer?

Back 38

RV can not be measured directly

Front 39

which capacities CANNOT be measured with a spirometer(directly)

Back 39

FRC ,TLC

Front 40

Name the 3 test used to determine the volumes and capacities that cannot be measured

Back 40

Helium dilution, nitrogen wash out, Body box (plethyismography)

Front 41

What is thoracic gas volume?

Back 41

all air in the thorax

Front 42

What are the predicted values for PFT's based on?

Back 42

age hight race sex idbw. and smoking pack years

Front 43

What is the most common test of pulmonary mechanics?

Back 43

Forced Vital Capacity

Front 44

Which volumes & capacities are directly measured?

Back 44

VT, IRV, ERV, IC, and VC

Front 45

Indications for PFT's include the need to do the following: detect the presence or absence of lung dysfunction, quantification of severity, assess the change over time, assess effects of occupational exposure, assess risk for surgical procedures and assess impairment for______.

Back 45

legal/rehab/military

Front 46

The contraindications for PFT's include: pt unable to cooperate, hemoptysis of unknown origin, pneumothorax, hemodynamically unstable, recent MI, recent PE, recent eye surgery, acute disease process that might interfere with test performance( nausea, hiccups..), recent surgery of thorax or abdomen, and FINALLY _____.

Back 46

Thoracic, abdominal or cerebral aneurysms (danger of rupture due to increased thoracic pressure)

Front 47

In PFT's; precision, error,___ are terms that refer to the limit range.

Back 47

capacity, accuracy, resolution, linearity and output.

Front 48

You use a ____ to calibrate a PFT machine.

Back 48

3.0 Liter syringe

Front 49

What is the acceptable (difference/change?) for test pre & post bronchodilator? and why do it?

Back 49

15% minimum because it indication that it is reversible

Front 50

What is the acceptable range for PFT calibration?

Back 50

2.91-3.09 L or 50 ml (whichever is greater) or +-3.5%range or 0.5%error (pg404 table 19-3)

Front 51

What is DLCO

Back 51

diffusing capacity of the lung for carbon monoxide

Front 52

DLCO is used for____.

Back 52

determing the capacity of the lungs for carbon monoxide to see how well gas deffuses into the lungs for oxygenation

Front 53

DLCO is ____ for both obstructive and restrictive diseases (norm for asthma).

Back 53

lowered

Front 54

PFT interpretation: If FEV1/FVC is less than 70%, then OBSTRUCTIVE . ____to above normal for RESTRICTIVE ( and TLC is less than 80%). DLCO of less than 80% indicates DIFFUSION DEFECT

Back 54

Normal

Front 55

What measurements can we get out of the FVC maneuver?

Back 55

FEV1, FEV1/FVC, FEF(200-1200) and FEF(25-75)

Front 56

The ___ of an instrument refers to the range or limits of haw much it can measure.

Back 56

capacity

Front 57

The ___ of a measuring instrument is how well it measures a known reference value

Back 57

accuracy

Front 58

The difference between reference values and measured values is called the ___.

Back 58

error

Front 59

Accuracy and error are opposing terms; the greater the_____, the smaller the _____.(both expressed in %, their sum allways = 100%)

Back 59

accuracy, error

Front 60

___ is the smallest detectable measurement.

Back 60

Resolution

Front 61

___ is synonymous with reliability of measurements and the opposite of variability.

Back 61

Precision

Front 62

__ refers to the accuracy of the instrument over its entire range of measurement(capacity).

Back 62

Linearity

Front 63

___ includes the specific measurements made or computed by the instrument (results we receive).

Back 63

Output

Front 64

a patient`s physcian ask you to recommend a pulmonary funtion test to help assess the effects of a possible tumor in the trachea. What would you recomend?

Back 64

spirometry with flow- volume loops

Front 65

a pulmonary function technologist test a spirometer by injecting 3.0 of air from a large volume syringe. the spirometer measures a result of 2.9l. The result would be

Back 65

with in normal limits

Front 66

which of the following pulmonary measurement is usally the smallest?

Back 66

FRC

Front 67

which of the following test would be helpful in assesing the effects on cigerate smoking on the smaller airways?

Back 67

FEF 25-75%

Front 68

Which of the following can be measured during spirometic testing?

Back 68

tidal volume

Front 69

An increased total lung capacity combined with a decrease diffusing capacity is strongly indicated of what conditition?

Back 69

emphysema

Front 70

The degree of impairment with it`s percent predicted Normal?

Back 70

80-120%

Front 71

Mild degree of impairment

Back 71

70-79%

Front 72

moderate degree of impairment

Back 72

50-69%

Front 73

severe degree of impairment

Back 73

35-49%

Front 74

average expiratory flow during the early part of forced exhalation?

Back 74

FEF 200-1200 forced expiratory flow rate between 20 and 120 FVC

Front 75

Average expiratory flow rate during middle part of forced exhalation

Back 75

FEF 25-75%and FVC25-75%

Front 76

What is the primary problem in obstructive lung disease?

Back 76

Increased airway resistance (will have a low FEV1/FVC)

Front 77

What device would you use to determine the accuracy of a spirometer in measured lung volumes?

Back 77

A calibrated 3 liter syringe

Front 78

What is the American Thoracic Society standard for the volumetric accuracy of spirometers

Back 78

+ or - 3.5 error or with in 50L of the reference value

Front 79

How often should a spirometer in continual use undergo volumetric calibration

Back 79

at least once a day

Front 80

what is the most commonly measured pulomonary mechanic during pulmonary function testing

Back 80

forced vital capacity

Front 81

Normal FEV1/FVC % is ____.

Back 81

80% (phil says at least 70%)

Front 82

Normal FEV1 (for a 20 y/o male) is __.

Back 82

4.7L

Front 83

Normal FEV1 for restrictive disease is ___.(small volume, no airway resistance)

Back 83

70%

Front 84

FEV1 is ____ with BOTH obstructive(^raw) & restrictive (dec. compliance) lung disease.

Back 84

reduced

Front 85

___ measurements of expiratory flow are lower than normal with obstructive disease processes.

Back 85

All

Front 86

The primary problem in restrictive disease is a decrease in lung compliance and therefore, ____.

Back 86

decreased lung volumes

Front 87

The primary abnormality in obstrustive disease is increased airway resistance and therefore,___.

Back 87

resistance to inhalation

Front 88

PFT Volume measuring device is called___. It assesses the ability of the lungs to move large volumes of air quickly thru the airways.

Back 88

spirometer

Front 89

PFT flow measuring device is called___.

Back 89

pneumotachometer