Chapter 19

Front 1

what are the four properties of the genetic code

Back 1

specific, degenerate, non-overlaping, almost universal

Front 2

what is codon usage bias

Back 2

some organisms prefer to use some codons over others even though they code for the same amino acid

Front 3

the codon anticodon pairing is

Back 3

antiparallel

Front 4

what is the wobble hypothesis

Back 4

some tRNA molecules recognize multiple codons

Front 5

non traditional bases can be found in the ____ position on the tRNA

Back 5

third

Front 6

all 61 codons can be translated with a minimum of ____ tRNAa

Back 6

32

Front 7

amino acyl synthathases

Back 7

has a diverse group of enzymes and is very specific

Front 8

how does elongation start

Back 8

eIF1a, GTP and the tRNA make a complex with the ribosome. if the correct sequence the eIF1a leave the ribosome

Front 9

what give the ribosome energy to move along the RNA

Back 9

eEF2 and GTP complex

Front 10

types of post translational modifications

Back 10

1. proteolytic cleavage

2. glycosylation

3. hydroxylation

4. phosphorylation

5. lipophilic modifications

6. methylation

7. carboxylation

8. disulfide bond formation

9. targetting

Front 11

what degrades the proteins

Back 11

ubiquitin proteasome system

Front 12

the overbearing theme of molecular biology is referred to as

Back 12

the central dogma

Front 13

proteins targetted to the mitochndria are made in the

Back 13

cytoplasm

Front 14

must pass through

Back 14

TOM and TIM

Front 15

Negative translational control

Back 15

translation of certain mRNAs is blocked by binding a repressor to sequrence near the 5' end

Front 16

after a virus uses reverse transcriptase the resulting molecule is called

Back 16

cDNA

Front 17

the shin delgado sequence is

Back 17

a prokaryotic mRNA sequence that binds 16s rRNA of the small ribosomal subunit

Front 18

the initiation phase of prokaryotic translation ends as the GTP molecule bound to ___ is hydrolyzed to GDP and Pi

Back 18

IF2

Front 19

During the elongation phase of prokaryotic translation the amino acyl-trna must bind____ before it can be positioned in the A site

Back 19

EF-Tu-GTP

Front 20

____is an enzymatic activity that hydrolyses the bond linking the completed polypeptide chain and the p site tRNA

Back 20

peptidyl transferase

Front 21

in the prokaryotes most of the control of protein synthesis occurs at the level of

Back 21

transcription

Front 22

the enzymatic activities coded by the lac operon include all of the following except

Back 22

lactose transferase

Front 23

translocation of eukaryotes requires ____ which is a GTP binding protein

Back 23

eEF-2

Front 24

polypeptides containing signal peptides are called

Back 24

preproproteins

Front 25

phosphorylated dolichol, a polyisoprenoid found in ER membrane, is involved in

Back 25

glycosylation reactions

Front 26

all of the following are involved in signal peptide processing except

Back 26

ribosomal polypeptide translocation factors

Front 27

the phrase "global control" refers to

Back 27

large alterations in the mRNA translation patterns

Front 28

all of the following statements concerning eukaryotic mRNA are true except

Back 28

most hnRNA is processed into mRNA

Front 29

eukaryotic mRNA stability involves

Back 29

reversible adenylation

lenght of the poly A tail

binding of specific protiens to certain mRNA sequences

the action of various nucleases

Front 30

____ are a group of molecules that mediate protein folding

Back 30

Hsp 70s and chaparonins

Front 31

the mRNA that codes for ____ possesses an iron response element

Back 31

ferritin

Front 32

chloramphenicol is an antibiotic that

Back 32

inhibits prokaryotic peptidyl transferase

Front 33

____ is a translation factor that possesses a unique histidine residue that can be modified to form dipthamide

Back 33

eEF-2

Front 34

Hydroxylation is a posttranslational modifications that

Back 34

requires ascorbic acid and is catalyzed by several mixed function oxidases

Front 35

in prokaryotes posttranslational methylation reactions are associated with

Back 35

signal transduction, chemotaxis, s-adenosylmethionine

Front 36

the half lives of prokaryotic mRNA usually varies between

Back 36

1 and 3 minutes

Front 37

peptidyl transferase is an enzymatic activity that

Back 37

catalyzes the release of polypeptides from the ribosome, is found in an rRNA component of ribosome, catalyzes the nucleophilic attack of the A site amino group on the carbonyl carbon of the p side amino acid, catalyzes peptide bond formation

all of the above

Front 38

energy for ribosome function is provided by

Back 38

GTP

Front 39

unlike the protein synthesis mechanism in the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells, mitochondria have___ stop codons

Back 39

4

Front 40

translation begins with

Back 40

initiation

Front 41

protein synthesis requires___ high energy phosphate bonds per peptide bond

Back 41

4

Front 42

an amino acid coded for by a stop signal is

Back 42

pyrrolysine and selenocysteine

Front 43

in eukaryotes, which of the following amino acids is often hydroxylated after protein synthesis

Back 43

proline

Front 44

which of the following amuno acids is something carboxylated after protein synthesis

Back 44

glutamate

Front 45

prokaryotes exclusively use which of the following translational control

Back 45

negative translational control

Front 46

peptide emerging from the exit tunnel first encounters a molecular factor called

Back 46

trigger factor

Front 47

eukaryotic initiation begins with the assembly of

Back 47

preinititation complex

Front 48

which of the following compounds is refered to as the twenty first amino acid

Back 48

selenocysteine

Front 49

during synthesis of secreted proteins; binding of the ribosome to the ER membrane is mediated by

Back 49

SRP and SRP receptor protein.