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43 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Arterial bleeding
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Blood escapes from artery in spurts b/c of alternating increase & decrease of arterial blood pressure
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Venous bleeding
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blood flows slowly & steadily b/c of low, nearly constant pressure
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Pulse
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alternate expansion & recoil of an artery
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Clinical signifigance of a pulse
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Reveals imp. information regarding the cardiovascular system, blood vessels, & circulation
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Physiological significance of pulse
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Expansion stores energy released during recoil, conserving energy generated by the heart and maintaining relatively constant blood flow
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Existance of pulse is from 2 factors
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1. Alternating increase & decrease of pressure in the vessel
2. Elasticity of arterial walls allows walls to expand with increased pressure & recoil with the decrease pressure |
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Each pulse starts with ventricular contraction & proceeds as a ____ of expansion throughout the arteries.
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wave
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Pulse wave
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gradually dissipates as it travels, disappearing in the capillaries
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Pulse can be felt where ever an ______ lies near the surface & over a bone or other firm structure.
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artery
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Venous pulse
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detectable pulse exists only in large veins, most prominent near the heart, not of clinical imp.
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Dysrhythmia
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abnormal heart rhythm
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Bradycardia
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slow heart rhythm (below 60 beats/min), normal while sleep & in conditioned athletes
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Tachycardiac
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very rapid heart beat (more than 100 beats/min)
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Sinus dysrhythmia
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variation of heart beat during breathing. Rate increases during inspiration & decreases during expiration. Common in young people & usually requires no treatment.
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Extrasystoles (premature contractions)
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contractions of the heart that occur before the next expected contraction
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Atrial fibrilation
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frequent premature contractions of the atria. Treated with timed electrical shocks.
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Ventricular fibrilation
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rapid frequent premature contractions of the ventricles. Life threatening b/c blood is not pumped to body. Treated by defibrilation
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Heart failure
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inability of the heart to pump enough blood
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Hypertension (HTN)
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high blood pressure. Normal is less than 120/80. High BP is anything greater than 140/90
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_____shifts materials from place to place redistributes heat & pressure.
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Blood flow
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Blood flow
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is vital to maintaining homeostasis of internal environment
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3 main blood vessels
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Veins, Arteries, and capillaries
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The cardiovascular system is made up of ____ & _____
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heart; blood vessels (veins, arteries, and capillaries)
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Main function of cardiovascular system is to maintain
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homeostasis
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Does blood distribute to the body evenly?
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No it delivers by demand
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The heart is a ______
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pump
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4 structures that help the heart to be a pump
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1. Sinoatrial node (SA)
2. Atrioventricular node (AV) 3. AV bundle (bundle of His) 4. Purkingi fibers - subendocardial branches |
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SA node
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Pacemaker
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The heart posses an intrinsic rhythm called
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Lub Dub
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Electrocardiogram
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ECG
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Electrocardiogram
ECG |
a record of electrical events in heartbeat
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Cardiac cycle
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a complete heartbeat consisting of contraction & relaxation of both atria and both ventricles
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systole
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contract
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diastole
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relax
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systolic sound
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first sound; caused by contraction of ventricles & vibrations of teh closing AV valves
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Diastolic sound
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short, sharp sound; thought to be caused by vibrations of closing SL valves
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Arterial- arteries
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measure in BP
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Influence heart rate
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anxiety, fear, & anger; emotions; exercise; heat receptors of skin
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Venous pumps (near extremities)
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1. Breathing in & out
2. Skeletal muscle contractions 3. One way valves prevent backflow |
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Arterial blood pressure (most issues with BP)
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measured with sphygmomanometer and stethoscope
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systolic BP
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force of blood pushing against artery walls while ventricles are contracting
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diastolic BP
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force of blood pushing against the artery walls when ventricles are relaxed
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pulse pressure
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differ between systolic and diastolic blood pressure
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