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52 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Island Communities
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widely isolated and seperated cities and villages that were tied together through railroads
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Credit Mobilier
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a construction company controlled by the inner ring on the Union Pacific. They used this company to get grants from the government faster since it was a seperate company. They bribed cCongressman so they wouldn't investigate what they were doing.
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Truck Lines
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freight lines. they linked eastern seaports with the rich traffic of the great lakes and western rivers.
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Railroad Gauge
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the distance between the inner sides of the heads of the two load bearing parallel rails that make up a single railway line
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J. Edgar Thomson
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with Thomas Scott they built the 4th truck line, the Pennsylvannia railroad the ran from philly to pittsburgh
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Thomas Scott
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with J. Edgar Thomson built the 4th truck line, the PEnnsylvannia railroad that ran from philly to pittsburgh
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JP Morgan
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head of New York investment Company. Refinanced railroads after Panic of 1893. Reorganized the Southern Railway, the Erie, the Northern Pacific, and the B & O. (controlled railroads then steel after Carnegie)
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Cornelius Vanderbilt
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had large control of railroads. controlled the New York Central, Hudson River Railroad, the Lake Shore and Michigan Southern Railway, and the Canadian Southern Railway
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JD Rockefeller
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built Standard Oil Company. considered competition wasteful and consolidation was right. triumped over competitors by marketing products of high quality at the lowest unit cost. owned everything (controled oil)
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Andrew Carnegie
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created Carnegie Steel Company. Took over steel industry with vertical integration (controlled the steel)
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American Railway Association
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divided country into four times zone and adopted the modern system of standard time
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George Pullman
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invented the railway sleeping car for passengers. caused Pullman strike when business fell and he cut jobs and wages and increased hours
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Vertical Integration
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type of organization in which a single company owns and controls the entire process from the unearthing of the raw materials to the manufacture and sale of the finished product
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Horizontal Consolidation
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owning all of the companies that produce a product
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Union Pacific and Central Pacific
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together make the transcontinental railroad
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Transcontinental Railroad
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combination of the Union central and the Pacific central railways to stretch across the entire continent
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Bessemer Process
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blast of air through molten iron burned off carbon and other impurities resulting in steel
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Trusts
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stockholders exchanged their stock for trust certificates on which dividends were paid
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Knights of Labor
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welcomed people of all race and sex to try and create an ideal labor society with 8 hour days and no child labor and uplifting utopian reform
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US Steel Corporation
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first billion dollar company. it absorbed more than 200 other companies
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AFL
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a loose alliance of national craft unions. it organized skilled workers along craft lines, avoided politics, and worked for specific practical objectives
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Henry Clay Frick
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one of Carngies partners and managers. was shot and stabbed during homstead riot after cutting wages 20% and lived
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Homestead Strike
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strike after wages were cut 20%. workers were locked out of building. they surrounded it. police stopped it. a few days later Alexander Berkman went and shot and stabbed Frick
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Cyrus Field
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businessman and financier who led the Atlantic Telegraph Company, the company that successfully laid the first telegraph cable across the Atlantic Ocean in 1858. The cable broke down three weeks afterward
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Alexander Graham Bell
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invented the telephone
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Chinese Exclusion Act
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made the immigration of Chinese to the US illegal for ten years
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Haymarket Riot
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protest in Haymarket Square, peaceful. 3000 people were there and the police ordered them to disperse and then someone through a bomb
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Northern Securities Company
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mergered with Rockefeller like all of the other companies.
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Haymarket Riot
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protest in Haymarket Square, peaceful. 3000 people were there and the police ordered them to disperse and then someone through a bomb
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Pullman Strike
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strike to protest wage cuts. continuing high rents, and layoffs. marched to the capitol. violence broke out and then it was controlled. it was a failure
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Northern Securities Company
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mergered with Rockefeller like all of the other companies.
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George Eastman
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patented a proces for coatring gellatin on photographic dry plates which led to celluliod film and motion pictures
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Thomas Edison
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invented phonograph, electricity, and many other small things
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Pullman Strike
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strike to protest wage cuts. continuing high rents, and layoffs. marched to the capitol. violence broke out and then it was controlled. it was a failure
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George Eastman
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patented a proces for coatring gellatin on photographic dry plates which led to celluliod film and motion pictures
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Chain Store
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stores that were located all over the natio (A&P Grocery stores, Sears, ect.)
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Thomas Edison
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invented phonograph, electricity, and many other small things
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Mail Order Catalogs
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catalog with items that can be ordered from other places
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Chain Store
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stores that were located all over the natio (A&P Grocery stores, Sears, ect.)
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Rise in Advertising
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advertising became popular to get business
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Mail Order Catalogs
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catalog with items that can be ordered from other places
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Muller v Oregon
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against long labor hours for women
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Rise in Advertising
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advertising became popular to get business
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Brandeis Brief
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movement among judges for "sociological jurisprudence" that related the law to social reform instead of only to legal precedent
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Muller v Oregon
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against long labor hours for women
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Brandeis Brief
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movement among judges for "sociological jurisprudence" that related the law to social reform instead of only to legal precedent
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Holden v Hardy
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court upheld a law limiting working hours for miners because their work was dangerous and long hours might increase injury
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Lochner v New York
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court struck down a law limiting bakery workers to a 60 hour week and a 10 hour day because baking was safer then mining
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Great Railroad Strike of 1877
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after the Panic of 1873 there were 10% wages cuts and even really poor working conditions which caused strikes that shut down entire railroads and at some points the entire western half of the United States. It ended when the army and state miltia took control
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Upton Sinclair
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author
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The Jungle
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book by Sinclair that tackled meatpackers
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Jacob Riis
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journalist described "How the Other Half Lives"
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