Chapter 18 Keywords And Review Questions

Front 1

Adenectomy

Back 1

excision of a gland

Front 2

K

Back 2

Potassium

Front 3

ACTH

Back 3

adrenocorticotropic hormone - stimulates adrenal cortex - secreted from anterior portion of pituitary gland

Front 4

Homeostasis

Back 4

tendency in an organism to return to a state of constancy and stability

Front 5

Calcitonin

Back 5

decreases levels of calcium in the blood stream, secreted by the thyroid gland

Front 6

Adrenal Cortex

Back 6

outer portion of the adrenal gland, secretes glucocorticoids, mineralocorticoids, and sex hormones

Front 7

Adrenal Medulla

Back 7

inner portion of adrenal gland, secretes epinephrine and norepinephrine

Front 8

ADH

Back 8

antidiuretic hormone

Front 9

Hypercalcemia

Back 9

high amounts of calcium in blood, related to osteoporosis, and overproduction of parathyroid hormone

Front 10

Endocrinology

Back 10

study of the endocrine glands

Front 11

Electrolyte

Back 11

chemical element that carries a charge when dissolved in water - sodium, chloride and potassium are examples

Front 12

Androgen

Back 12

male sex hormone - testosterone is example

Front 13

Hypoinsulinism

Back 13

deficient insulin - cause of diabetes - cells cant metabolize sugar

Front 14

Epinephrine

Back 14

adrenaline - increases heart rate, breathing rate, blood pressure, etc.

Front 15

Adrenaline

Back 15

epinephrine

Front 16

Na

Back 16

Sodium, an electrolyte

Front 17

FBS

Back 17

fasting blood sugar - test for diabetes - should be below 100mg

Front 18

Hyperglycemia

Back 18

excessive sugar in blood - indicative of diabetes

Front 19

NIDDM

Back 19

non-isulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (type 2 diabetes -mature onset)

Front 20

FSH

Back 20

follicle-stimulating hormone - stimulates growth of eggs in ovaries

Front 21

Graves Disease

Back 21

thyrotoxicosis - overfunctioning of the thyroid gland - most common type of hyperthyroidism - hyperactivity, higher body temps, exophthalmos, weight loss

Front 22

Myxedema

Back 22

advanced hypothyroidism in adulthood - dkin becomes dry and puffy because of the collection of mucus-like material unmder the skin

Front 23

IDDM

Back 23

insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus - type 1 diabetes (juvenile diabetes)

Front 24

TSH

Back 24

thyroid-stimulating hormone - secreted by the anterior pituitary gland

Front 25

Differentiate endocrine versus exocrine glands. List examples of each

Back 25

Endocrine glands secrete with the body and exocrine glands secrete to the outside of the body
Endocrine: thyroid, pituitary, adrenal
Exocrine: sweat, sebaceous

Front 26

The adrenal medulla secretes two types of hormones:

Back 26

adrenaline and noradrenaline

Front 27

List the hormones release by the posterior pituitary gland

Back 27

Oxytocin and ADH

Front 28

Differentiate between genders, FSH and LH

Back 28

in females FSH & LH stimulate the growth of eggs and production of hormones and ovulation; in males FSH stimulates the production of sperm and LH stimulates production of testosterone

Front 29

What is the purpose of a fasting blood sugar.

Back 29

To determine blood glucose levels after not eating all night

Front 30

What is the difference between diabetes mellitus and diabetes insipidus?

Back 30

DM is about insulin malfunction; DI is about insufficient secretion of ADH

Front 31

Compare and contrast Type 1 versus Type 2 diabetes mellitus

Back 31

1: before age 30, rapid onset, no insulin, thin body weight, ketoacidosis;
2: after age 30, slow onset, insulin usually present, most are obese, seldom ketoacidosis

Front 32

Mxyedema is associated with which endocrine disorder?

Back 32

hypothyroidism

Front 33

List the gland that secretes melatonin and is linked to seasonal affective disorder

Back 33

pineal gland

Front 34

Specialist that treats diseases and disorders of the internal secretion glands

Back 34

endocrinologist

Front 35

A group of signs and symptoms caused by excessive cortisol from the adrenal cortex
(two words)

Back 35

cushing syndrome

Front 36

Congenital hyposecretion of growth hormone

Back 36

dwarfism

Front 37

Excision or resection of a gland

Back 37

adenectomy

Front 38

Low sodium in the blood stream

Back 38

hyponatremia

Front 39

Maintaining a constant internal environment

Back 39

homeostasis

Front 40

Enlargement of the extremities

Back 40

acromegaly