Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
28 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
what are red blood cells called?
|
erythrocytes
|
|
|
what are white blood cells called?
|
leukocytes
|
|
|
how many groups are the 5 types of leukocytes divided into? what are they?
|
2 groups.
GRANULOCYTES neutrophils-neutral stain eosinophils-bright red basophils-dark blue and AGRANULOCYTES(w/o granules) lymphocytes monocytes |
|
|
what is hematocrit?
|
centrifuging blood in a machine to seperate the different components.
|
|
|
which component of blood has the most volume?
|
erythrocytes sink first because they are the heaviest.
|
|
|
what is serum in the blood missing in order to be plasma?
|
fibrinogen
|
|
|
what are the 3 major plasma proteins?
|
albumins (viscosity and osmolarity), globulins (antibodies to protect immune), fibrinogen(forms clots)
|
|
|
what does a hemoglobin molecule consist of?
|
four globins (protein chains) and four heme groups
|
|
|
what is a heme group?
|
nonprotein part of a molecule that binds O2 to ferrous ion (fe2+) at its center
|
|
|
what is a globin?
|
four protein chains. (2 beta 2 alpha) 5% CO2 in blood is bound to globin
|
|
|
what is the hemotocrit?
|
percentage of whole blood volume composed of red blood cells
|
|
|
what is the first committed cell to erythrocyte production and what does it have?
|
the erythrocyte colony forming unit. it has receptors for erythropoietin form the kidneys
|
|
|
what mulitiplies and synthesizes hemoglobin during erythrocyte production?
|
erythroblasts multiply and synthesize hemoglobin
|
|
|
what is discarded to form a reticulocyte?
|
nucleus is discarded during erythrocyte production to form a reticulocyte
|
|
|
how does iron get around our body?
|
stomach acids converts fe3 to fe2. GASTROFERRITIN then binds fe2 and transports it to the small intestine. it is absorbed into blood and binds to transferrin for transport to bone marrow, liver and other tissues.
|
|
|
IRON
bone marrow for____ muscle for ____ and all cells use ____ in mitochondria |
hemoglobin, myoglobin, cytochromes
|
|
|
what are the vitamins needed for erythropoiesis?
|
vita b12, folic acid, vita c and copper (cofactors for enzymes synthesizing hemoglobin)
|
|
|
what is polycythemia? what are the dangers of it?
|
an excess of RBC's. increased blood volume, pressure and viscosity
|
|
|
what are the 3 consequences of anemia?
|
tissue hypoxia and necrosis (lethargic, shortness of breath, necrosis of brain heart or kidney)
blood osmolarity is reduced producing tissue edema blood viscosity is low (heart races and pressure drops. cardiac failure possible) |
|
|
what are antigens? what are agglutinogens?
|
complex molecules on surface of cell membranes that are unique to an individual. agglutinogens are antigens on the surface of the RBC that are the basis for blood typing
|
|
|
what are antibodies? what are agglutinins?
|
proteins (gamma globulins) secreted by plasma cells. antibodies in the plasma that bring about transfusion
|
|
|
what is agglutination?
|
antibody molecule binding to antigens that causes clumping of red blood cells
|
|
|
what causes neutrophils to increase?
|
bacterial infections
|
|
|
what causes eosinophils to increase?
|
parasitic infections, collagen diseases, allergies and diseases of the spleen and central nervous system. releases enzymes
|
|
|
what causes basophils to increase?
|
chicken pox, sinusitis. secrete histamine (vasodilator) – speeds flow of blood to an injured area
and heparin-promotes mobility of white blood cells |
|
|
when does the number of lymphocytes increase?
|
diverse infections and immune responses.
|
|
|
when does the number of monocytes increase?
|
viral infections and inflammation
|
|
|
three hemostatic mechanisms
|
vascular spasm
platelet plug formation blood clotting (coagulation) |
