Chapter 18 - Cardiovascular System / The Heart

Front 1

#1
Where is the heart located?

Back 1

Mediastinum
* Superior surface of diaphragm
* Left of the midline
* Anterior to the vertebral colum, posterior to the sterum

Front 2

#2
What -
* Protects and anchors the heart
* Prevents overfilling of the heart with blood
* Allows for the heart to work in a relatively friction free environment

Back 2

Pericardium

Front 3

#3
Name the pericardial layers of the heart

Back 3

Pericardium
Myocardium
Fibrous skelton
Endocardium

Front 4

#4
What is the visceral layer of the serous pericardium called?

Back 4

Epicardium

Front 5

#5
What is the cardiac muscle layer forming the bulk of the heart?

Back 5

Myocardium

Front 6

#6
Name the crisscrossing, interlacing layer of connective tissue

Back 6

Fibrous skeleton of the heart

Front 7

#7
What is the endothelial layer of the inner myocardial surface called?

Back 7

Endocardium

Front 8

#8
Name the four vessels returning blood to the heart:

Back 8

Superior & Inferior Venae Cavae
Right & Left Pulmonary Veins

Front 9

#9
Name the 2 vessels conveying blood away from the heart:

Back 9

Pulmnary trunk
Ascending aorta

Front 10

#10
The pulmonary trunch splits into right and left ______.

Back 10

Pulmonary arteries

Front 11

#11
Name the three branches of the asceding aorta -

Back 11

brachiocephalic
left common carotid
subclavian arteries

Front 12

#12
Name the 4 arteries that drain blood away from the heart

Back 12

right and left coronary (in atrioventricular groove) marginal circumflex, and anterior interventricular arteriers.

Front 13

#13
Name the 3 veins that supply blood to the heart

Back 13

small cardiac, anterior cardiac, and great cardiac veins.

Front 14

#14
The 4 vessels returning to the heart include:

Back 14

right and left pulmonary veins
superior and infereior veins

Front 15

#15
The 3 vessels conveying blood away from the heart include:

Back 15

aorta
right and left pulmonary arteries

Front 16

#16
What artery is associated with the atrioventricular groove?

Back 16

Right coronary artery

Front 17

#17
What artery is associated with the interventricular groove?

Back 17

Posterior interventricular artery

Front 18

#18
Name the 5 veins -

Back 18

great cardiac vein
posterior vein
left ventricle
coronary sinus
middle cardiac vein

Front 19

#19
What is the receiving chamber of the heart?

Back 19

atria

Front 20

#20
Where is a protruding auricle located?

Back 20

on right and left atrium

Front 21

#21
Pectinate muscles mark the _____.

Back 21

atrial walls

Front 22

#22
Blood enters the right atrium from where?

Back 22

the superior and inferior venae cavae and coronary sinus

Front 23

#23
Blood enters the atria from what veins?

Back 23

pulmonary veins

Front 24

#24
What are the discharging chambers of the heart?

Back 24

Ventricles

Front 25

#25
What two muscles mark the ventricular walls?

Back 25

Papillary muscles and Trabeculae carneae muscles

Front 26

#26
The right ventricle pumps blood into the _______.

Back 26

pulmonary truck

Front 27

#27
The left ventricle pumps blood into the ________.

Back 27

aorta

Front 28

#28
Name the pathway of blood throught the heart and lungs

Back 28

Right atrium - tricuspid valuve - right ventricle - pulmonary semilunar valve - pulmonary arteries - lungs - pulmonary veins - left atrium - bicuspid valve - left ventricle - aortic semilunar valve - aorta systemic circulation

Front 29

#29
Name the type of circulation is the funtional blood supply to the heart muscle itself?

Back 29

coronary circulation

Front 30

#30
What ensures blood delivery to heart even if major vessels are occluded?

Back 30

Collateral routes

Front 31

#31
What ensures unidirectional blood flow through the heart?

Back 31

heart valves

Front 32

#32
What valve lies between the atria and the ventricles?

Back 32

(AV) Atrioventricular valves

Front 33

#33
What prevents backflow into the atria when the ventricles contract?

Back 33

AV valves

Front 34

#34
What anchors the AV valves to the papillary muscles?

Back 34

Chordae Tendineae

Front 35

#35
What valve lies between the left ventricle and the aorta?

Back 35

Aortic semilunar valve

Front 36

#36
What valve lies between the right ventricle and pulmonary trunk?

Back 36

Pulmonary semilunar valve

Front 37

#37
What valves prevent the backflow of blood into the ventricles?

Back 37

Semilunar valves

Front 38

#38
Which muscle is striated, short, fat, branched, and interconnected?

Back 38

Cardiac Muscle

Front 39

#39
What anchors cardiac cells together and allows free passage of ions?

Back 39

Intercalated discs

Front 40

#40
What muscle behaves as a funtional syncytium?

Back 40

heart muscle

Front 41

#41
What tissue acts as both tendon and insertion?

Back 41

The connective tissue endomysium

Front 42

#42
State the order of the atrioventricular Valve Function when OPEN

Back 42

1. blood returning to the heart fills atria, putting pressure against atrioventricular valves; atrioventricular are forced open
2. As ventricles fill, atrioventricular valve flaps hang limply into ventricles.
3. Atria contract, forcing additional blood into ventricles.

Front 43

#43
State the order of the atrioventricular Valve Function when CLOSED

Back 43

1. Ventricles contract, forcing blood against atrioventricular valve cusps.
2. Atrioventricular valves close.
3. Papillry muscles contract and chordae tendineae tighten, preventing valve flaps from eveerting into atria.

Front 44

#44
State the how Semilunar Valve Function when they contract and relax

Back 44

As ventricles contract and intraventricular pressure rises, blood is pushed up against semilunar valves, forcing them open.
As ventricles relax and intraventricular pressure falls, blood flows back from arteries, filling the csups of semilunar valaves forcing them to close.

Front 45

#45
Pectinate muscles mark the:

Back 45

atrial walls

Front 46

#46
Blood enters the right atrium from 3 places?

Back 46

the superior and inferior venae cavae and coronary sinus

Front 47

#47
Blood enters the atria from what veins?

Back 47

pulmonary veins

Front 48

#48
What are the discharging chambers of the heart called?

Back 48

Ventricles

Front 49

#49
What two muscles mark the ventricular walls?

Back 49

Papillary muscles and trabeculae carneae muscles

Front 50

#50
The right ventricle pumps blood into the _________.

Back 50

pulmonary truck

Front 51

#51
The left ventricle pumps blood into the ________.

Back 51

aorta

Front 52

#52
What is the pathway of blood throught the heart and lungs

Back 52

Right atrium - tricuspid valuve - right ventricle - pulmonary semilunar valve - pulmonary arteries - lungs - pulmonary veins - left atrium - bicuspid valve - left ventricle - aortic semilunar valve - aorta systemic circulation

Front 53

#53
What type of circulation is the funtional blood supply to the heart muscle itself?

Back 53

coronary circulation

Front 54

#54
What ensures blood delivery to heart even if major vessels are occluded?

Back 54

Collateral routes

Front 55

#55
What is the double-walled sac around the heart?

Back 55

Pericardium

Front 56

#56
The pericardium is composed of what two layers?

Back 56

1. A superficial fibrous pericardium
2. A deep two-layer serous peridcardium

Front 57

#57
What layer of the pericardium lines the internal surface of the fibrous pericardium?

Back 57

The parietal layer

Front 58

#58
What layer lines the surface of the heart?

Back 58

visceral layer or epidcardium

Front 59

#59
The pericardium is seperated by the fluid filled _____ _____.

Back 59

the fluid-filled pericardial cavity