Chapter 17 Vocab

Front 1

Battle of Little Big Horn

Back 1

1876 - General Custer and his men were wiped out by a coalition of Sioux and Cheyenne Indians led by Sitting Bull and Crazy Horse.

Front 2

Munn vs. Illinois

Back 2

1877 - The Supreme Court ruled that an Illinois law that put a ceiling on warehousing rates for grain was a constitutional exercise of the state's power to regulate business. It said that the Interstate Commerce Commission could regulate prices.

Front 3

Battle of Wounded Knee

Back 3

1890 - The Sioux, convinced they had been made invincible by magic, were massacred by troops at Wounded Knee, South Dakota.

Front 4

Ocala Demands

Back 4

1890 - The leaders of what would later become the Populist Party held a national convention in Ocala, Florida and adopted a platform advocating reforms to help farmers.

Front 5

Wabash vs. Illinois

Back 5

1886 - Stated that individual states can control trade in their states, but cannot regulate railroads coming through them. Congress has exclusive jurisdiction over interstate commerce. States cannot regulate or place restrictions on businesses which only pass through them, such as interstate transportation.

Front 6

Civil Rights Act of 1875

Back 6

Prohibited discrimination against blacks in public place, such as inns, amusement parks, and on public transportation. Declared unconstitutional by the Supreme Court.

Front 7

Plessy vs. Ferguson

Back 7

1886 - Plessy was a black man who had been instructed by the NAACP to refuse to ride in the train car reserved for blacks. The NAACP hoped to force a court decision on segregation. However, the Supreme Court ruled against Plessy and the NAACP, saying that segregated facilities for whites and blacks were legal as long as the facilities were of equal quality.

Front 8

W.E.B DuBois

Back 8

A black orator and eassayist. Helped found the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP). He disagreed with Booker T. Washington's theories, and took a militant position on race relations.

Front 9

Oliver H. Kelly

Back 9

Worked in the Department of Agriculture and lead the Granger Movement.

Front 10

Granger Movement

Back 10

1867 - Nation Grange of the Patrons of Husbandry. A group of agrarian organizations that worked to increase the political and economic power of farmers. They opposed corrupt business practices and monopolies, and supported relief for debtors. Although technically not a political party, local granges led to the creation of a number of political parties, which eventually joined with the growing labor movement to form the Progressive Party.

Front 11

New South

Back 11

Henry Grady, 1886 - His speech said that the South wanted to grow, embrace industry, and eliminate racism and Confederate separatist feelings. Was an attempt to get Northern businessmen to invest in the South.

Front 12

Booker T. Washington

Back 12

(1856-1915) An educator who urged blacks to better themselves through education and economic advancement, rather than by trying to attain equal rights. In 1881 he founded the first formal school for blacks, the Tuskegee Institute.

Front 13

Tuskegee Institute

Back 13

1881 - First formal school for blacks

Front 14

Order of the Patrons of Husbandry

Back 14

A group of agrarian organizations that worked to increase the political and economic power of farmers.

Front 15

Granger Laws

Back 15

The Granger Laws were a series of laws passed in several midwestern states of the United States, namely Minnesota, Iowa, Wisconsin, and Illinois, in the late 1860s and early 1870s. The Granger Laws were promoted primarily by a group of farmers known as the Grange. The main goal of the Grange was to regulate rising fare prices of railroad and grain elevator companies after the American Civil War. The laws, which upset major railroad companies, were a topic of much debate at the time and ended up leading to several important court cases, such as Munn v. Illinois and Wabash v. Illinois.

Front 16

Bonanza

Back 16

A term used by miners in regard to a large vein or deposit of ore. It commonly refers to the Comstock Lode.

Front 17

Timber and Stone Act

Back 17

The Timber and Stone Act of 1878 (45th Congress, Sess. 2, ch. 151, 20 Stat. 89) in the United States sold Western timberland for $2.50 per acre ($618/km²) in 160 acre (0.6 km²) blocks. Land that was deemed "unfit for farming" was sold to those who might want to "timber and stone" (logging and mining) upon the land. The act was used by speculators who were able to get great expanses declared "unfit for farming" allowing them to increase their land holdings at minimal expense.

Front 18

John Muir

Back 18

A Scottish-American naturalist, author, and early advocate of preservation of wilderness in the United States.

Front 19

Gifford Pinchot

Back 19

An American forester and politician. He is known for reforming the management and development of forests in the United States and for advocating the conservation of the nation's reserves by planned use and renewal. He also served as the 28th Governor of Pennsylvania.

Front 20

Ghost Dance

Back 20

a new religious movement incorporated into numerous Native American belief systems. According to the teachings of the Northern Paiute spiritual leader Wovoka (renamed Jack Wilson), proper practice of the dance would reunite the living with the spirits of the dead and bring peace, prosperity, and unity to native peoples throughout the region.

Front 21

Dawes Act of 1887

Back 21

authorized the President of the United States to survey American Indian tribal land and divide it into allotments for individual Indians. Those who accepted allotments and lived separately from the tribe would be granted United States citizenship.

Front 22

The Atlantic Monthly

Back 22

A magazine. It was created as a literary and cultural commentary magazine and quickly achieved a national reputation as a high-quality review with a moderate worldview

Front 23

Ida B. Wells

Back 23

an African-American journalist, newspaper editor, suffragist, sociologist, and an early leader in the civil rights movement. She documented lynching in the United States, showing how it was often a way to control or punish blacks who competed with whites, often under the guise of rape charges.

Front 24

Afro-American League

Back 24

Founded January 25, 1890, by Timothy Thomas Fortune. Preceding the foundation of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP), the organization dedicated itself to racial solidarity and self-help.

Front 25

Jim Crow Laws

Back 25

Racial segregation laws enacted after the Reconstruction period in Southern United States, at state and local levels.

Front 26

General George Custer

Back 26

A United States Army officer and cavalry commander in the American Civil War and the American Indian Wars.

Front 27

Buffalo Bill

Back 27

An American scout, bison hunter, and showman.

Front 28

Chief Sitting Bull

Back 28

A Hunkpapa Lakota holy man who led his people as a tribal chief during years of resistance to United States government policies.

Front 29

Frederick Jackson Turner

Back 29

American historian. He argued that the moving western frontier shaped American democracy and the American character from the colonial era until 1890 (Turner Thesis). He is also known for his theories of geographical sectionalism.

Front 30

Black Hills

Back 30

In 1868, the U.S. government signed the Fort Laramie Treaty of 1868, exempting the Black Hills from all white settlement forever. However, when European Americans discovered gold there in 1874, miners swept into the area in a gold rush. The US government reassigned the Lakota, against their wishes, to other reservations in western South Dakota.

Front 31

Interstate Commerce Act

Back 31

An act designed to regulate the railroad industry, particularly its monopolistic practices. The Act required that railroad rates be "reasonable and just," but did not empower the government to fix specific rates. The Act created a federal regulatory agency, the Interstate Commerce Commission (ICC).