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24 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
1. Psychosis
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Schizophrenia, extrapyramidal symptoms, loss of reality, etiology is unknown but may be a familiar pattern.
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Positive Symptoms of Psychoses |
Hallucinations, delusions, unwanted thoughts, agitation, distorted speech, disorganized behavior
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Negative Symptoms of Psychoses |
Apathy, unemotional, lacking goals, lack of pleasure, social withdrawal, abstract in thinking
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2. Affective Disorders
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depression as a result of biologic, (low levels of serotonin, NE, or dopamine) psychological, and social factors. bipolar depression
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3. Anxiety Disorders
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less severe than psychoses. anxiety, panic disorder, phobias, OCD
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Antipsychotic Agents
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Treats schizophrenia, delusional disorders
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First-Generation Antipsychotic Agents
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Treat the positive symptoms. Their MOA are dopamine antagoinsts.
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Second-Generation Antipsychotic Agents
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Treat the negative & positive symptoms. They are better tolerated. Their MOA is that they have action at more than one receptor which improves efficacy.
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First-Generation Pharmacologic Effects
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Antipsychotic & Antiemetic (used for nausea), used for hiccups, sedation
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Adverse Reactions of First-Generation
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sedation, tremors, orthostatic hypotension, tachycardia, blurred vision, xerostomia, skin eruptions, constipation |
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Second-Generation Pharmacologic Effects
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Used for bipolar depression. Less extrapyramidal effects, tachycardia, higher risk of diabetes & hyperglycemia, agranulocytosis, weight-gain
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----- Antidepressant Agents
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Used to treat depression, chronic pain, migraine headache. Improvement is at 2 weeks and up to 4-8 weeks
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Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (antidepressant agent) |
1st line of treatment for major depression, well tolerated.
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Adverse Reactions of SSRI
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weight loss, taste changes, xerostomia, glossitis, sweating |
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Drugs that are SSRI
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1. Fluoxetine (Prozac) 2. Sertraline (Zoloft) 3. Citalopram (Celexa) 4. Escitralopram (Lexapro) |
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Serotonin-Norepinephrine Reuptake Inhibitors (antidepressant agent)
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also the 1st line of therapy used for depression. patients must be tapered off. Sweating, urinary retention, tachycardia
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Drugs that are SNRI
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1. Venlafaxine (Effexor) 2. Duloxetine (Cymbalta) 3. Desvenlafaxine (Pristiq) |
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Tricyclic Antidepressants (antidepressant agent)
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They are the first ones that were out there. can take these for one month or longer.
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Adverse Reactions of Tricyclic
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sedation, anticholineric, xerostomia, blurred vision, constipation, tachycardia, arrhythmias
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MAOIs
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ability to inhibit monoamine oxidase, USED AS LAST DRUG OF CHOICE, side effects are weight gain & orthostatic hypotension
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Bupropion (Wellbutrin SR)
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dopamine-NE reuptake inhibitor, may cause seizures. USED ONLY FOR PATIENTS WHOSE DEPRESSION IS UNRESPONSIVE, side effects are constipation, sweating, nausea, xerostomia, tremors, & headache
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Trazadone (Desyrel)
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serotonin modulator antidepressant, also is prescribed at night for sleep, highly sedative
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----Treatment of Bipolar Depression
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Lithium: it's handled in the body like sodium so sodium levels are effected, some NSAIDS can decrease lithium clearance
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Side Effects of Lithium
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polyuria, hand tremors, thirst, slurred speech, nausea
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