Chapter 17 Ap Biology

Front 1

Garrod

Back 1

-genes determine phenotype through the action of enzymes
-inherited diseases caused by inability to make cetain enzymes

Front 2

auxotrophs

Back 2

organism that could not grow pnm the minimal medium that duffieced for wild-type mold

Front 3

one gene-one polypeptide hypothesis

Back 3

the function of agene is to contrtol production of a specific polypepetide

Front 4

RNA

Back 4

polypetide that is usually single stranded.
-ribose instead of deoxyribose
-uracil replaces thymine

Front 5

transcription

Back 5

the transfer of information from DNA to meessenger RNA(mRNA)

Front 6

translation

Back 6

transfers infromation from mRNA to a polpepetide, changing from the language of nucleotides to that of amino acids

Front 7

how does transcription occur in prokaryotes?

Back 7

- prokaryotes don't have a nucleus so transcription and translation occur simultaneously

Front 8

how does transcription occur in eukaryotes?

Back 8

mRNA must exit the nucleus before translation can occur

Front 9

RNA processing

Back 9

the modification of the primary transcript within the nucleus
- only occurs in eukaryotes

Front 10

primary transcript

Back 10

pre-RNA

Front 11

triplet code

Back 11

sequence of three nucleotides that provide 64 possible sequences of nucleotides

Front 12

RNA polymerase

Back 12

separate the two stands of DNA and links RNA nucleotides that base-pair along the template strand to the 3' end of the growin RNA polymer

Front 13

transcription unit

Back 13

the sequence of DNA that is transcribed into one RNA molecule

Front 14

polymerase II

Back 14

type of RNA polymerase that synthesizes mRNA

Front 15

transcription factors

Back 15

proteiins that first bind to the promoter and aid RNA polmerase II in locating binding to this region

Front 16

terminator

Back 16

sequence that ends transcription

Front 17

introns

Back 17

long segments of nocoding base sequences that occur within the boundaries of eurkaryotoic gene

Front 18

exons

Back 18

remaining codon regions which are expressed in protein synthesis

Front 19

RMA splicing

Back 19

process of removing introns and adding exons before the pre-mRNA leaves the nucleus

Front 20

spliceosome

Back 20

snips and intorns out of the RNA treanscript and connect the adjoining exons

Front 21

ribozymes

Back 21

RNA molecules that act as enzymes