Chapter 17

Front 1

after completing this chapter , you will be able to..

Back 1

evaluate the requirements and characteristics of a sport and assess an athlete for the purpose of designing a resistance training program

Front 2

what do effective training programs involve?

Back 2

the coordination of many variables in a systematic fashion that enables the body to adapt to performance level to improve.

Front 3

what is essential in order for the practitioner to be able to coordinate the various training aspects successfully?

Back 3

having a basic understanding of the physiological responses ot he various training stimuli

Front 4

what approach is helpful when focusing on a resistance training component of a comprehensive training program.

Back 4

one program element at a time, keeping in mind the primary principles of anaerobic exercise prescription.

Front 5

what three principles require attention fo ra resistnace training programs for athletic populations

Back 5

specificity, overload and progression

Front 6

what is the most basic concept to incorporate in all training programs?

Back 6

specificity

Front 7

when and by who was the term specificity first suggested by?

Back 7

DeLorm in 1945

Front 8

what does the term specificity refer to ?>

Back 8

the method whereby an athlete is trained in a specific manner to produce a specific adaptation por training outcome.

Front 9

what aspects does specificity refer to in the case of resistance training?

Back 9

the muscles involved, the movement pattern, and the nature of the muscle action

Front 10

what is an example of the the nature of the muscle action?

Back 10

speed of movement, force application

Front 11

what does not always reflect the combination of all of these apect? (muscles involved, movement pattern, and the nature of the muscle action)

Back 11

specificity

Front 12

Does specificity mean that all aspects of the training must mimic that of the sporting skill?

Back 12

NO

Front 13

what acronym is sometimes used interchangeably with specificity?

Back 13

SAID

Front 14

what does SAID stand for?

Back 14

Specific adaptation to imposed demands

Front 15

what is the underlying principle of SAID

Back 15

he type of demand placed on the body dictates the type of adaptation that will occur.

Front 16

what should athletes training for power in high-speed movements like baseball pitch and tennis serve attempt to activate or recruit ?

Back 16

the same motor units required by their sport at the highest velocity possible

Front 17

what does the athlete's sport season also relate to?

Back 17

specificity

Front 18

how should all forms of training progress through the preseason, in-season, and postseason?

Back 18

gradually in an organized manner from generalized to sport specifit

Front 19

what provides the greatest opportunity to improve performance in the sport

Back 19

participation in the sport itself

Front 20

what certainly increases the likelihood that other training will also positively contribute to performance?

Back 20

proper application of the specificity principle

Front 21

what does overload refer to?

Back 21

assigning a workout or training regimen of greater intensity than the athlete is accustomed to

Front 22

without the stimulus of what principle greatly limits an athlete's ability to make improvements even in an otherwise well-designed program

Back 22

overload

Front 23

what is the obvious application of overload principle in the design of resistance training programs involve?

Back 23

increasing the loads assigned in the exercise.

Front 24

what are other more subtle changes to overload other than increasing the loads assigned in the exercise?

Back 24

increasing the number of sessions per week, one per day in some instances.

adding exercise sets, emphasizing complex over simple exercises, decreasing the length of the rest periods between sets and exercises, or any combination of these or other changes

Front 25

what is the intent of the overload principle?

Back 25

to stress the body a higher level than its used to

Front 26

what is avoided, and the desired training adaptation will occur when the overload principle is applied properly?

Back 26

overtraining

Front 27

if a training program is to continue producing higher levels of performance, what of the training must become progressively greater?

Back 27

intensity

Front 28

what does progression promote when applied properly?

Back 28

long term training benefits

Front 29

what is progression customary to focus only on?

Back 29

the resistance used

Front 30

what can one progressively increase by raising ht enumber of weekly training sessions, adding more drills or exercises to each session, changing the type or technical requirements of the drills or exercises, or otherwise increasing the training stimulus.

Back 30

training intensity

Front 31

how may an athlete progress from the front squat as a technical progression?

Back 31

by learning the hang power clean and eventually the power clean

Front 32

what is the issue of importance in progression?

Back 32

that progression is based on the athlete's training status and is introduced systematically and gradually

Front 33

what are the resistance training design variableS?

Back 33

needs analysis

exercise selection

training frequency

exercise order

training load and repetitions

volume

rest periods

Front 34

designing a resistance training program is a complex process that requires the recognition and manipulation of what

Back 34

seven program design variables

Front 35

what is the first step in resistance training program design variables?

Back 35

needs analysis

Front 36

what is the strength and conditioning professional's initial task

Back 36

to perform a needs analysis

Front 37

what is a needs analysis?

Back 37

a two-staged process that includes an evaluation of the requirements and characteristics of the sport and an assessment of the athlete.

Front 38

what is the first task in a needs analysis?

Back 38

to determine the unique characteristics of the sport

Front 39

what does the unique characteristics of a sport include?

Back 39

the general physiological and ciomechanical profile, common injury sites and position-specific attributes.

Front 40

what does the information of unique characteristics of sport enable the strength and conditioning professional to design?

Back 40

a program specific to those requirements and characteristics.

Front 41

what are the three attributes of evaluation of sport?

Back 41

movement analysis

physiological analysis

injury analysis

Front 42

what is movement analysis

Back 42

body and limb movement patterns and muscular involvement

Front 43

what is physiological analysis?

Back 43

strength, power, hypertrophy, and muscular endurance priorities

Front 44

what is injury analysis?

Back 44

common sites for joint and muscle injury and causative factors

Front 45

what are other characteristics of sport other than movement, physiological, and injury analysis that should also be evaluated?

Back 45

cardiovascular endurance, speed, agility, and flexibility requirements

Front 46

what physiological outcomes specifically relate to resistance training program design?

Back 46

strength, power, hypertrophy, and muscular endurance

Front 47

what does a movement analysis of the shot-put field event reveal

Back 47

that in an all body movement that begins with the athlete in a semi crouched position, with many joints flexed and adducted, and culminates in an upright stance with many joints extended and abducted

Front 48

what are the most heavily recruited muscles in a shot-put, not in order?

Back 48

the elbow extensors (triceps-brachii), shoulder abductors (deltoids), hip extensors (gluteals, hamstrings), knee extensors (quadriceps), and ankle plantar flexors (soleus, gastrocnemius)

Front 49

what does shot-putting require, physiologically, for a successful performance?

Back 49

high levels of strength and power

Front 50

as cross-sectional area of a muscle increase what happens the muscle's ability to produce forcE?

Back 50

increases

Front 51

what is the level of importance of muscular endurance in a shot-put?

Back 51

minimal

Front 52

what is a result of the common use of tendons and muscles surrounding the shoulder and elbow joint due to the repetitive nature of training and competition

Back 52

tend to injury

Front 53

what is assessment of the athlete a part of?

Back 53

step one, needs analysis

Front 54

what is the second task in needs analysis?

Back 54

profile the athlete's needs and goals by evaluating training (and injury) status, conducting a variety of tests (eg. maximium strength testing) evaluating the results and determining the primary goal of training . the more individualized the assesment process, the more specific the resistance training program for each athlete can be

Front 55

what is training status

Back 55

an athlete`s cur