Chapter 16+17 Test

Front 1

What nucleotides compose DNA?

Back 1

5 carbon sugar
Nirogenous base
phospate group

Front 2

What rule says that A must always pair with T and G must pair with C?

Back 2

Chargoff's rule

Front 3

How many Hydrogen bonds are there between A and T?

Back 3

2

Front 4

How many Hydrogen bonds are there between C and G?

Back 4

3

Front 5

Prior to 1950 what was believed to hold genetic codes?

Back 5

Protein

Front 6

Who studied bacteriophage T2 and proved genetic material was DNA?

Back 6

Hershey and Chase

Front 7

In what year did Hershey and Chase conduct their experiments?

Back 7

1952

Front 8

Who found the double helix 3D shape of DNA?

Back 8

Watson and Crick

Front 9

When did Watson and Crick win their nobel peace prize?

Back 9

1962

Front 10

Who did most of the research for Watson and Crick but died, and for that reason did not recieve credit?

Back 10

Rosiland Franklin

Front 11

Who found DNA to be semi-conservative?

Back 11

Messelson and Salht

Front 12

Who won a nobel prize for work done in 74' with in vitro fertalization in 2010?

Back 12

Robert Edwards

Front 13

If you have 60 nucleotides and 20 are T, how many are C?

Back 13

10

Front 14

In which model of DNA are there 2 old molecule, and 2 new molecule segments?

Back 14

conservative

Front 15

What compound do A and G correspond with?

Back 15

Purine

Front 16

What compound do C and T correspond with?

Back 16

Pyrimidine

Front 17

When does DNA replication take place?

Back 17

During Interphase

Front 18

What is the origin of replication of bacteria?

Back 18

Circular
One origin of replication

Front 19

What is the origin of replication of eukaryotes?

Back 19

Along a line
Many origins of replication

Front 20

Which strand is synthesized continually, requiring an rna primer?

Back 20

Leading strand

5'......3'

Front 21

Which strand is synthesized in pieces requiring many rna primers?

Back 21

Lagging strand

Front 22

What are the pieces that are synthesized in the lagging strand called?

Back 22

Okazaki fragments

Front 23

What are the six enzymes for DNA replication?

Back 23

Helicase
Toplosomerase
Primase
DNA Polymerase 3
DNA Polymerase 1
DNA Ligase

Front 24

In which direction do enzymes for DNA replication want to make DNA?

Back 24

5'...........3'

Front 25

What is the #1 enzyme for DNA replication called, and what does it do?

Back 25

Helicase

Unwinds DNA-pulls 2 strands apart by breaking hydrogen bonds between A and T and C and G

Front 26

What is the #2 enzyme for DNA replication called, and what does it do?

Back 26

Toplosomerase (Gyrase)

Prevents overwinding

Makes DNA not spin, stopping adjacent DNA areas from becoming knotted up

Front 27

What is the #3 enzyme for DNA replication called, and what does it do?

Back 27

Primase

Adds rna primer to lagging strand

Front 28

What is the #4 enzyme for DNA replication called, and what does it do?

Back 28

Polymerase 3

adds nucleotides in the 5' 3' direction, but to the 3' end

puts dna bases down
continual synthesis

Front 29

What is the #5 enzyme for DNA replication called, and what does it do?

Back 29

Polymerase 1

Removes small piece of rna primer and replaces w/ DNA base

Front 30

What is the #6 enzyme for DNA replication called, and what does it do?

Back 30

Ligase

Links okazaki fragments
Only used in lagging strand

Covalent bond
Phospate and sugar closes molecule to form backbone

Front 31

What type of protein keeps strands apart?

Back 31

SSBP
Single stranded binging protein

Front 32

Which group is largely related to the 5 prime end?

Back 32

Phosphate group

Front 33

Which group is largely related to the 3 prime end?

Back 33

Hydroxide group

Front 34

T

Back 34

Thymine

Front 35

C

Back 35

Cytosine

Front 36

A

Back 36

Adenine

Front 37

G

Back 37

guanine

Front 38

What replaces T (rna)

Back 38

U- Uracil

Front 39

___________ is antiparalell and complimentary

Back 39

DNA

Front 40

In what direction does the leading strand make DNA?

Back 40

5...................3

Front 41

In what direction does the lagging strand make DNA in?

Back 41

3...........5

Front 42

What does DNA polymerase 2 do?

Back 42

Proofreading,
Corrects mistakes

Front 43

What is messenger Rna called?

Back 43

Codon

Front 44

What is transfer Rna called?

Back 44

Anticodon

Front 45

What serves as adaptor molecule in protein synthesis;
translates mRNA codons into amino acids?

Back 45

Transfer RNA

Front 46

What plays structural and catlaytic (ribosyme) roles in ribosomes?

Back 46

Ribosomal RNA

Front 47

What is the composition and direction of the primer?

3'ATGGTS'

Back 47

5'UACCA3'

Front 48

Because there is no T in RNA, this letter becomes what?

Back 48

U

Front 49

In which model of DNA are there a mix of both old and new DNA on the same strand?

Back 49

Dispersive

Front 50

In which model of DNA are there both one old strand, and one new strand?

Back 50

Semi-Conservative

Front 51

The process of copying a sequence of DNA to produce a complementary strand of RNA.

Back 51

Transcription

Front 52

The process that converts an mRNA message into a polypeptide.

Back 52

Translation

Front 53

In bacteria and viruses, ___________ + ___________ happen simultaneously.

Back 53

Transcription and Translation

Front 54

What are the steps of transcription?

Back 54

Dna is becoming mrna.
1) Rna Polymerase binds to a promoter region (TATA box)
2) Double helix unwinds
3) Rna polymerase begins synthesis by adding nucleotides
4) Termination-synthesis stops, rna released

Front 55

What is the process of turning mrna into protein called?

Back 55

Translation

Front 56

Coded regions of DNA

Back 56

Exons

Front 57

Non coded regions of DNA

Back 57

Introns

Front 58

Removing introns so the exons slide together

Back 58

RNA splicing

Front 59

What are the steps in translation?

Back 59

Mrna........Protein
On a ribosome in cytoplasm
2 ribosome subunits

Front 60

What does the E site in translation do?

Back 60

Amino Acids Exit

Front 61

What does the P site in translation do?

Back 61

The first Amino Acid goes, holds polypeptide chain

Front 62

What does the A site in translation do?

Back 62

All the amino acids that did not enter the P site enter.

Front 63

This is when you hit a stop codon (structure disassembles, and releases protein)

Back 63

Termination

Front 64

What is the name for the Dna strand from which the rna will be made?

Back 64

template strand or coding strand

Front 65

This is when there is no effect, and the amino acid still codes.

Back 65

Silent mutation

Front 66

This is where you start transcription, Rna polymerase will sit on DNA and make messenger Rna

Back 66

Tata box

Front 67

A=T

C=G

Back 67

Complimentary rule

Front 68

GRiFFith

Back 68

mIcE

Front 69

Code for another amino acid other than it originally would, still an effect but not as much as non-sence

Back 69

mis-sence

Front 70

Premature stop codon
PTC 123 works here

Back 70

non-sence mutation

Front 71

Single base change to any Dna base but does not result in a stop codon (alteration in amino acid results)

Back 71

Point mutation

Front 72

This lets the rna out of the nucleus

Back 72

Methyl G cap
5' end

Front 73

This protects messenger rna long enough to make protein.

Back 73

Poly A Tail
3' end

Front 74

Single stranded, used in ribosome making, 5' ..3'

Back 74

Mrna

Front 75

This is the core of what ribosomes are made of

Back 75

Rrna ribosomal rna

Front 76

This reads and identifys codons, and carries amino acids, 3'....5'

Back 76

Trna