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20 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Transformation
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A change in the phenotype and genotype due the assimilation of external DNA by a cell.
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Bacteriophages
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A virus that infects bacteria.
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Phages
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Another word for a virus that infects bacteria.
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Double Helix
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The form of native DNA, referring to its two adjacent polynucleotide strands wound into a spiral shape.
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Semiconservative Model
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Type of DNA replication in which the replicated double helix consists of one old strand, derived from the old molecule, and one newly made strand.
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Origins of Replication
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Sites where the replication of a DNA molecule begins.
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Replication Fork
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A Y-shaped region on a replicating DNA molecule where new strands are growing.
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DNA Polymerases
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An enzyme that catalyzes the elongation of new DNA at a replication fork by the addition of nucleotides to the existing chain.
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Leading Strand
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The new continuous complementary DNA strand synthesized along the template strand in the mandatory 5' -> 3' direction.
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Lagging Strand
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A discontinuously synthesized DNA strand that elongates in a direction away from the replication fork.
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DNA Ligase
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A linking enzyme essential for DNA replication; catalyzes the covalent bonding of the 3' end of a new DNA fragment to the 5' end of growing chain.
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Primer
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An already existing RNA chain bound to template DNA to which DNA nucleotides are added during DNA synthesis.
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Primase
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An enzyme that joins RNA nucleotides to maket he primer.
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Helicase
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An enzyme that untwists the double helix of DNA at the replication forks.
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Single-Strand Binding Protein
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During DNA replication, molecules that line up along the unpaired DNA strands, holding them apart while the DNA strands serve as templates for the synthesis of complimentary strands of DNA.
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Mismatch Repair
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The cellular process that uses special enzymes to fix incorrectly paired nucleotides.
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Nuclease
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A team of enzymes that hydrolyze DNA and RNA into their component nucleotides.
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Nucleotide Excision Repair
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The process of removing and then correctly replacing a damaged segment of DNA using the undamaged strand as a guide.
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Telomeres
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The protective structure at each end of a eukaryotic chromosome (tends to be repetitive DNA).
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Telomerase
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An enzyme that catalyzes the the lengthening of telomeres (includes a molecules of RNA that serves as a template for new telomere segments).
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