Chapter 16 - The Eye - Conditions & Symptoms.

Front 1

Amblyopia

Back 1

Dullness of vision; reduced or dimness of vision; also called lazy eye

Front 2

Anisocoria

Back 2

Condition in which the pupils are unequal

Front 3

Aphakia

Back 3

Condition in which the crystalline lens is absent

Front 4

Astigmatism

Back 4

Defect in the refractive powers of the eye, due to a misshapen curvature of the cornea and lens, in which a ray of light is not focused on the retina but is spread over an area

Front 5

Blepharitis

Back 5

Inflammation of the hair follicles and glands along the edges of the eyelids

Front 6

Blepharoptosis

Back 6

Drooping of the upper eyelid(s)

Front 7

Cataract

Back 7

Opacity of the crystalline lens or its capsule; most often occurs in adults past middle age. Types of Cataract: Age-related; Congenital (don’t necessarily affect vision but if so, has to be removed; Secondary cataract= more likely to develop in people who have certain other health problems e.g. diabetes. Also, cataracts sometimes linked to steroid use.; Traumatic cataract=develops soon after an eye injury or years later. Commonest surgery to remove cataract is PHACOEMULSIFICATION.

Front 8

Choroiditis

Back 8

Inflammation of the vascular coat of the eye

Front 9

Conjunctivitis.

Back 9

Inflammation of the conjunctiva caused by allergy, trauma, chemical injury, bacterial, viral, or rickettsial infection. Type pinkeye is infectious and contagious. Diagnosed through eye exam and taking sample of fluid from eyelid using cotton swab. Bacteria or viruses that could cause conjunctivitis can be seen through microscope. Treatment based on cause. Bacterial infection-antibiotic eye drops or ointments. If topical antibiotics do not solve problem, oral antibiotics used. Cause allergy-use eyedrops containing antihistamines, nonsteroidal antinflammatory agents, or corticosteroids. Cause foreign matter-foreign matter removed.

Front 10

Cycloplegia

Back 10

Paralysis of the ciliary muscle
cyclo=cilliary body
-plegia=paralysis/stroke

Front 11

Dacryoma

Back 11

Tumorlike swelling caused by obstruction of the tear duct(s)

Front 12

Diplopia

Back 12

Double vision

Front 13

Entropion

Back 13

Turning inward of the margin of the lower eyelid.

Front 14

Esotropia (ST)

Back 14

Condition in which the eye or eyes turn inward; also called crossed eyes

Front 15

Exotropia (XT)

Back 15

Turning outward of one or both eyes.

Front 16

Hemianopia

Back 16

Inability (blindness) to see half the field of vision.

Front 17

Hyperopia

Back 17

Vision defect in which parallel rays come to a focus beyond the retina; also called farsightedness

Front 18

Iridocyclitis

Back 18

Inflammation of the iris and ciliary body

Front 19

Keratitis

Back 19

Inflammation of the cornea

Front 20

Keratoconjunctivitis.

Back 20

Inflammation of the cornea and the conjunctiva.

Front 21

Macular degeneration

Back 21

Degeneration of the macular area of the retina-area important in the visualization of fine details.

Front 22

Myopia (MY)

Back 22

Vision defect in which parallel rays come to focus in front of the retina; nearsightedness.

Front 23

Nyctalopia

Back 23

Condition in which the individual has difficulty seeing at night; also known as night blindness

Front 24

Phacosclerosis

Back 24

Condition of hardening of the crystalline lens

Front 25

Photophobia

Back 25

Unusual intolerance of light

Front 26

Presbyopia

Back 26

Vision defect in which parallel rays come to a focus beyond the retina; occurs normally with aging; also known as farsightedness

Front 27

Retinal detachment

Back 27

Separation of the retina from the choroid layer of the eye that can be caused by trauma or can occur spontaneously

Front 28

Retinitis

Back 28

Inflammation of the retina

Front 29

Retinitis pigmentosa

Back 29

Chronic progressive disease marked by bilateral primary degeneration of the retina beginning in childhood and leading to blindness by middle age. Night blindness and a reduced field of vision are early clinical signs of this disease.

Front 30

Retinoblastoma

Back 30

Malignant tumor arising from the germ cell of the retina

Front 31

Retinopathy

Back 31

Any disease of the retina

Front 32

Retrolental fibroplasia (RLF)

Back 32

Disease of the retinal vessels present in premature infants; can be caused by excessive use of oxygen in the incubator; can cause retinal detachment and blindness.

Front 33

Scleritis

Back 33

Inflammation of the sclera

Front 34

Stargardt's disease/juvenile macular degeneration

Back 34

Inherited disease that affects 1 in 10,000 people. Usually manfests itself between ages of 7-12 years. Current theory - Stargardt's disease causes eye's central vision to deteriorate because rod cells just outside the macula erode which eventually harms retinal pigment epithelium (RPE). As the RPE fails, the disease can spread to macula's cone cells, causing macular degeneration's characteristic loss of central vision. Vision loss slow until 20/40 level, and then rapidly progresses to 20/200 level. Sometimes vision can degenerate to 10/200 in a period of months. Peripheral vision generally remains.

Front 35

Strabismus/Squint.

Back 35

Disorder of the eye in which the optic axes cannot be directed to the same object.

Front 36

Stye/Hordeolum.

Back 36

Inflammation of one or more of the sebaceous glands of the eyelid.

Front 37

Trichiasis

Back 37

Condition of ingrowing eyelashes that rub against the cornea, causing a constant irritation to eyeball. Trich=hair; =iasis=condition.

Front 38

Uveitis

Back 38

Inflammation of the uvea (consists of the iris, ciliary body, and choroid, and forms the pigmented layer)

Front 39

Xenophthalmia

Back 39

Inflamed eye condition caused by foreign material

Front 40

Xerophthalmia

Back 40

Eye condition in which the conjunctiva is dry