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117 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Fibrous tunic |
Outermost layer of eyeball, it includes: 1) Sclera, 2) Cornea, 3) Conjuctiva |
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Sclera |
White of the eye provides strength, shape, and structure to the eye |
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Cornea |
Part of the Sclera that passes in front of the eye, no capillaries, requires eye fluids for nourishment |
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Conjunctiva |
Covers the outer surface of the eye and lines the eyelids |
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Vascular tunic |
Also called the Uvea, consists of Choroid, Iris, and Ciliary Body |
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Choroid |
Provides blood supply for eye, has pigmented cells preventing light from entering the eye. |
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Iris |
Colored contractile membrane with perforated center called the pupil. |
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Ciliary body |
Circular muscle that produces aqueous humor. It's attached to a capsular bag that holds the lens between the suspensory ligaments. The muscle contracts/relaxes to change the shape of lens to help in focusing. |
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Accomodation (acc) |
Changes to lens by Ciliary body to allow the eye to focus on an image. |
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Sensory Tunic |
Innermost layer, it's a double layered tunic consisting of the retina. Has two layers, pigmented over the Choroid, and nervous layer used for vision. |
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Rods |
Function in dim light, for black and white vision. |
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Cones |
Function in bright light and produce color vision. |
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Macula |
Central portion of retina that is highly sensitive. |
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Fovea |
Center of Macula, consists of only cones, has best acuity for color vision. |
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Visual/photopigment |
Pigment in rods and cones that react to light, causing chemical changes and impulses that go through the optic nerve |
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Optic disc |
Area where optic nerve and it's blood vessels enter, center is the blind spot because it has no rods or cones. |
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Two major humors of the eye |
1) Aqueous humor 2) Vitreous Humor |
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Aqueous humor |
Found in the posterior and anterior chambers of the eye, nourishing the lens and cornea. |
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Canal of Schlemm |
Drains aqueous humor produced by Ciliary body |
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Glaucoma |
Results when aqueous humor doesn't drain at a slower rate than it's produced |
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Vitreous humor |
Jellylike substance filling the inner portion of the eye, the vitreous chamber. |
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(3) Refractive structures of the eye |
Vitreous humor, lens, and aqueous humor. |
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Adnexa |
All supporting structures of the eye globe |
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Six extraocular muscles part of adnexa) |
Superior, inferior, lateral, and medial rectus muscles and the superior and inferior oblique muscles |
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Conjunctiva |
Lines the inner surface of eyelids and cornea |
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Lacrimal gland |
Superior to outer edge of eye |
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Lacrimal canals |
Tears collect at the Canthi and pass through Lacrimal canals to the upper and lower puncti. Drain in nasal cavity |
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Organ of Corti |
Line the inner part of the cochlea consisting of hair cells |
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Ambly/o |
Dull, dim. Amblyopia, dimmed vision due to lazy eye. |
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Blephar/o |
Eyelid blepharoptosis drooping eyelids |
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Choroid/o |
Choroid; vascular lining of eye |
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Core/o;Pupill/o |
Pupil. Coreometer. Pupillography recording movement of pupil |
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Cycl/o |
Ciliary body of the eye; circular; cycle. Cycloplegia paralysis of Ciliary body |
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Dacry/o;Lacrym/o |
Tear; Lacrimal duct |
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Dacryocyst/o |
Lacrimal sac. Ex. Dacryocystoptosis |
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Glauc/o |
Gray |
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Goni/o |
Angle. Ex. Gonioscopy: exam of irideocorneal angle |
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Irid/o |
Iris. Ex: iridoplegia |
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Kerat/o |
Horny tissue, hard, cornea. Ex keratotomy. Incision of the cornea |
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Ocul/o;Ophthalm/o |
Eye. Oculomycosis fungal infection of the eye. |
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Opt/o; optic/o |
Eye; vision |
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Phac/o |
Lens ex Phacocele displacement of the lens into interior chamber of the eye |
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-opia |
Vision. Presbyopia, poor vision associated with age |
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Retin/o |
Retina. Ex retinosis- Abnormal condition of the eye |
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Scler/o |
Hardening or Sclera of the eye |
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Scot/o |
Darkness. Ex Scotoma dark tumor like spot. Diminished vision in visual fields |
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RK |
Radial keratotomy |
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Staped/o |
Stapes.Ex stapedectomy |
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Myring/o; tympan/o |
Tympanic membrane. |
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Salping/o |
Tubes. Usually fallopian or eustachian. |
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-acusia; -cusis |
Hearing. Anacusia or presbycusis |
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-opia; -opsia |
Vision. Diplopia or heteropsia |
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-tropia |
Turning. Esotropia inward turning of the eyes |
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Ametropia |
Error of refraction |
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Emmetropia |
Normal refraction |
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Myopia |
Image falls in front of the retina, the eye is too long. Nearsightedness |
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Hyperopia |
Image falls beyond the retina, eyeball is too short. Farsightedness |
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Astigmatism |
Defective curvature, light diffused over a large area rather than being sharply focused |
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LASIK |
Laser assisted in situ keratomileusis |
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Cataracts |
Opacities that form on the lens. Protein build up on the lens. Treated via emulsification, phacoemulsification |
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IOL |
Intraocular lens |
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Glaucoma |
Intraocular pressure caused by buildup of aqueous humor, faulty cabal of schlemm. Destroys the optic nerve. |
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Chronic glaucoma |
Also called open angle, simple, or wide angle glaucoma. Symptoms: headache, blurred vision, gradual loss of peripheral vision, dull pain in eye. Cupping of optic discs can be seen in eye exam. |
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Acute glaucoma |
Angle closure or narrow angle glaucoma. Symptoms: extreme ocular pain, blurred vision, redness of the eye, and dilation of the pupil. |
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Strabismus |
Also called heterotropia or tropia, one eye misaligned with the other. |
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Esotropia [ST] |
Inward strabismus |
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Exotropia [XT] |
Outward strabismus |
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Amblyopia |
Lazy eye syndrome! Vision suppressed in one eye. Could lose vision permanently if not treated |
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Age related macular degeneration (ARMD) |
Wet and dry types. Neovascular (wet) ARMD is most severe. blood vessels form under Macula...destroying visual cells |
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Dry AMRD |
Drusen deposits form on Macula. rarely leads to total blindness. |
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Synalgia |
Pain shared across different areas |
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Otosclerosis |
Ankylosis of ossicles, usually stapes is affected. Genetically inherited. Stapedectomy and replacement is recommended. |
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Retinoblastoma |
Find primarily in children, tumor of retina. Usually familial. Treatment is enucleation, removal of eye followed by radiation. |
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Melanoma |
Can affect eye, usually in adults. Can be found in orbit, Iris, or Ciliary body, usually in pigmented cells of Choroid. |
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Achromatopsia |
Severe congenital deficiency in colour perception. |
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Chalazion |
Small hard tumor developing on the eyelids, similar to sebaceous cyst. |
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Ectropion |
Outward turning of edge of the lower eyelids |
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Entropion |
Inversion of the edge of the lower eyelid |
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Epiphora |
Abnormal overflow of tears |
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Horrdeolum |
Also called a stye, localized swelling of sebaceous gland of eyelids, bacterial infection |
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Metamorphopsia |
Visual distortion of objects. Associated with errors of refraction, retinal disease, choroiditis, detachment of the retina, and tumor of retina or Choroid. |
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Nyctalopia |
Impaired vision in dim light, night blindness. |
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Nystagmus |
Involuntary eye movements. |
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Papilledema |
Swelling and hyperemia of optic disc, usually from increased intracranial pressure. |
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Photophobia |
Usually occurs with meningitis, inflammation of the eyes, measles, and rubella. |
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Presbyopia |
Loss of accommodation of the crystalline lens associated with the aging process, decreased focus. |
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Retinopathy |
Any disorder of the retinal blood vessels, diabetic form can result in hemorrhage, edema, and formation of new vessels on the retina, leads to scarring and loss of vision. |
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Trachoma |
Chronic contagious form of conjunctivitis, typically leads to blindness. |
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Anacusis |
Deafness. Not hearing loss, total deafness. |
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NIHL |
Noise induced hearing loss |
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Slit lamp examination (SLE) |
Stereoscopic magnified view of the anterior eye structures in detail. |
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Blepharoplasty |
Removal of fatty tissue above and below eye |
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Cyclodialysis |
Formation of opening between anterior chamber and suprachoroidal space to drain aqueous humor in glaucoma |
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Enucleation |
Removal of eye from orbit |
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Mastoid antrotomy |
Surgical opening of a cavity within mastoid process. |
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Phacoemulsification |
Ultrasonic waves to treat cataracts by disintegrating cloudy lens and placing artificial lens |
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Radial keratotomy |
Incision of cornea for treatment of nearsightedness or astigmatism. |
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Sclerostomy |
Surgical opening of Sclera/anterior chamber to relieve pressure due to glaucoma |
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Caloric stimulation test |
Different water temps used to assess vestibular portion of nerve of inner ear to determine if nerve damage is cause of vertigo. Eyes move in predictable pattern, except with acoustic nerve damage. |
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Electronystagography |
ENG, method of adding and recording eye movements by monitoring electrical activity of extra ocular muscles |
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Gonioscopy |
Exam of angle of anterior chamber of eye to determine ocular motility and rotation to diagnose/manage glaucoma |
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Ophthalmoscopy |
Visual exam of eye |
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Pneumatic otoscopy |
Air pressure applied to eardrum to assess movement |
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Retinoscopy |
Eval of defective errors, determining movement of reflection of light. |
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Tonometry |
Tension, measurement. Depresses cornea to detect glaucoma |
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Rinne tuning fork test |
Bone conduction vs air conduction difference? |
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Weber tuning fork test |
Bone conduction in both ears, comparison. |
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Dacryocystography |
Radiographic imaging procedure of nasolacrimal gland and ducts. Used to find cause of epiphora. |
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Fluorescein angiography |
Evaluation of blood vessels beneath retina after injection of dye. |
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Tobramycin |
Antibiotic to treat conjunctivitis. |
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Timolol, acetazolamide |
Antiglaucoma agents, decrease aqueous humor production. |
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Mydriatics |
Atropine sulfate. Disrupts nerve supply to eye. Dilate the eye. |
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Tetrahydrozoline |
Decreases redness in eye. Visine. |
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Moisturizers |
Soothe dry eye |
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Ear antiemetics |
To prevent nausea/dizziness. Meclizine. |
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Otic analgesics |
Antipyrine, benzocaine, pain relievers for ear |
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Carbamide peroxide |
Removal of impacted cerumen |