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19 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Social psychology
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the scientific study of how we think about, influence, and relate to one another
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attribution theory
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suggests how we explain someone's behavior, we either attribute it to the person's disposition or to the situation
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dispositional attribution
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behavior caused by factors internal to the person
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situational attribution
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behavior caused by external factors
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Fundamental attribution error
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tendency to overestimate internal factors and to underestimate situational factors in explaining behavior
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Actor-Observer effect
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tendency for the actor (person forming a behavior) to attribute the behavior to the situation and for the observer (the person watching the actor behave) to attribute the same behavior to the actor's disposition
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Comformity
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adjusting one's behavior of thinking toward the group standard
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Solomon Asch (1955)
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subjects judge lengths of lines, shown cards with different line lengths, match two lines with same length, 5 subjects asked to answer out loud, first two trials all agreed, third trial first 4 subjects answer incorrectly, 5th subject unsure how to answer, gave wrong answer 35% of the time
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normative social influence
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desire to gain social approval and avoid social disapproval, our sensitivity to social norms-rules for accepted and expected behavior,
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informational social influence
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when we're not sure how to act, we look to other people, they are sources of information regarding how to behave, we assume they know what they're doing, and we welcome the information
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Stanley Milgram
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"learner" and "teacher", teacher reads pairs of words that the learner has to memorize, when learner made mistake, teacher administer punishment with shock, learner sat in different room, began yelling, begging, pounding, kicking, experimented urged the teacher to continue
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Factors that influence attraction
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proximity, physical attractiveness, similarity
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proximity
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how close we are to another person geographically
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mere exposure effect
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repeated exposure to novel stimuli tends to increase our liking for them
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Moreland and Beach (1992)
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four equally attractive women, women silently attended for different amount of class sessions, at end, students shown slides of women, Results: the women they had seen the most often were rated most attractive and likable
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Mita, Dermer, and Knight (1997)
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faces are not perfectly symmetrical, our friends see a different face than we do, researcher photographed women and showed pictures to their friends, some pictures were normal and some were reverse images, women preferred mirror images, each liked best the face they had seen the most
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altruism
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unselfish regard for the welfare of others
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kitty genovese
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repeatedly stabbed and raped while calling for help, 38 neighbors heard her, but no one helped, whether or not we help others is largely dependent on the presence of others
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bystander effect
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the tendency for any given bystander to be less likely to give aid if other bystanders are present
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