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29 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Social change |
The transformation of a culture over time |
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Collective behavior |
Behavior that follows from the formation of a group or crowd of people who take action together toward a shared goal |
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Contagion theory |
One of the earliest theories of collective action; suggested that individuals who joined a crowd could become "infected" by a mob mentality and lose the ability to reason |
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Emergent norm theory |
A theory of collective behavior that assumes individual members of a crowd make their own decisions about behavior and that norms are created through others' acceptance or rejection of these behaviors |
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Crowd |
A temporary gathering of individuals, whether spontaneous or planned, who share a common focus |
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Riot |
Continuous disorderly behaviour by a group of people that disturb the peace and is directed toward other people and/or property |
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Mass behavior |
Large groups of people engaging in similar behaviors without necessarily being in the same place |
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Fads |
Interest or practices followed enthusiastically for a relatively short period of time |
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Fashion |
The widespread custom or style of behavior and appearance at a particular time or in a particular place |
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Social dilemma |
A situation in which behavior that is rational for the individual can, when practiced by many people, lead to collective disaster |
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Tragedy of the Commons |
A type of social dilemma in which many individuals' overexploitation of a public resource depletes or degrades that common resource |
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Public goods dilemma |
A type of social dilemma in which individuals incur the cost to contribute to a collective resource, though they may never benefit from the resource |
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Social movement |
Any social groups with leadership, organization, and an ideological commitment to promote or resist social change |
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Mass society theory |
A theory of social movement that assumes people join not because of the movement's ideals, but to satisfy a psychological need to belong to something larger than themselves |
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Relative deprivation theory |
a theory of social movements that focuses on the actions of oppressed groups who seek rights or opportunities already enjoyed by others in the society |
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Resource mobilization theory |
A theory of social movement that focuses on the practical constraints that help or hinder social movements' action |
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Activism |
Any activity intended to bring about social change |
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Regressive |
Term describing resistance to particular social changes, efforts to maintain the status quo, or attempts to reestablish an earlier form of social order |
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Progressive |
Term describing efforts to promote forward-thinking social change |
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Technological determinism |
A theory of social change that assumes changes in technology drive changes in society, rather than vice versa |
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Cultural lag |
The time between changes in material culture or technology and the resulting changes in the broader culture's relevant norms, values, meanings, and laws |
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Virtual community |
A community of people linked by their consumption of the same digital media |
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Global Village |
Marshall McLuhan's term describing the way that new communication technologies override barriers of space and time, joining together people all over the globe |
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Cultural diffusion |
The dissemination of beliefs and practices from one group to another |
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Globalization |
The increasing connections between economic, social, and political systems all over the globe |
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Cultural imperialism |
Cultural influence caused by adopting another culture's products |
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Cultural leveling |
The process by which societies lose their uniqueness, becoming increasingly similar |
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Modernity |
A term that characterizes industrialized societies, including the decline of tradition, an increase in individualism, and a belief in progress, technology, and science |
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Postmodernity |
A term that characterizes postindustrial societies, including a focus on the production and management of information and skepticism of science and technology |