Chapter 16 Running Water

Front 1

Which of the following is the primary step that allows water to enter the groundwater system?

Back 1

infiltration

Front 2

Decreased precipitation could impact

Back 2

water supply available for humans

Front 3

Water falling in Illinois would ultimately end up where?

Back 3

Gulf of Mexico (Illinois is located in the Mississippi River drainage basin. The Mississippi River empties into the Gulf of Mexico)

Front 4

sheet flow

Back 4

Runoff moving in unconfined thin sheets.

Front 5

Which of the following statements is true?

1.High stream velocity near the mouth is associated with erosion.

2.Low gradient is associated with deposition.

3.High volume is associated with erosion.

4.Small channel size is associated with deposition.

Back 5

Low gradient is associated with deposition.

Front 6

meander

Back 6

A looplike bend in the course of a stream.

Front 7

At which of the following locations is erosion occurring?

Back 7

a, c, and e

Front 8

At which of the following locations is deposition occurring?

Back 8

b and d

Front 9

_________ occurs where water is moving the fastest along the outside of the loop.

Back 9

Erosion

Front 10

_________ occurs where water is moving the slowest along the inside of the loop.

Back 10

Deposition

Front 11

Which portion of the stream is the most likely to become an oxbow lake in the near future?

Back 11

D (An oxbow could form if the two cut banks at the end of section D eroded all the material in between)

Front 12

Base level

Back 12

The bottom limit to stream erosion

Front 13

Two facts determine the base level of a stream:

Back 13

1. Streams always flow downhill.
2. Streams usually flow into other bodies of water such as oceans, lakes, or other streams.

Front 14

What is a floodplain?

Back 14

a flat surface next to a river channel

Front 15

What is a natural levee?

Back 15

a ridge of flood deposits next to a river channel

Front 16

How does the formation of a natural levee impact flooding?

Back 16

Natural levees raise the height of the stream channel, reducing the amount of flooding that will occur on the floodplain.

Front 17

Dendritic drainage pattern

Back 17

drainage patterns resemble a branching tree. Dendritic patterns are the most common type of stream drainage, and typically form when streams flow over materials that are uniform in their resistance to erosion.

Front 18

Radial drainage pattern

Back 18

drainage patterns develop when streams radiate outward from an isolated high area.

Front 19

Rectangular drainage pattern

Back 19

drainage patterns can form when streams flow over rocks that are heavily fractured. Since fractures (joints) often run nearly perpendicular to each other, stream channels in a rectangular drainage pattern join each other at right angles as they follow the fractured, more easily eroded bedrock.

Front 20

Trellis drainage patterns

Back 20

drainage patterns form when streams flowing over alternating bands of harder and softer areas (e.g., over folded layers of resistant and less resistant rock) establish channels that run nearly parallel to one another. These have the appearance of a garden trellis.

Front 21

Name the four types of floods

Back 21

regional floods, flash floods, ice-jam floods, and dam-failure floods.

Front 22

Ice-jam floods

Back 22

occur when ice obstructs the flow of water across a channel, effectively damming the stream. As a consequence, the stream's water level rises and overflows its banks. The ice jam will eventually break, which may generate an additional destructive surge of water.

Front 23

dam-failure floods

Back 23

occur when a human-made dam or levee breaks. These floods are particularly catastrophic because they can rapidly submerge an area without warning.

Front 24

Transpiration

Back 24

The release of water vapor to the atmosphere by plants.

Front 25

evapotranspiration

Back 25

The combined effect of evaporation and transpiration.

Front 26

The single most important erosional agent sculpiting earth's land surfaces

Back 26

running water

Front 27

Drainage basin

Back 27

The land area that contributes water to a stream.

Front 28

divide

Back 28

An imaginary line that separates the drainage of two streams, often found along a ridge.

Front 29

What is the the difference between river and stream

Back 29

Rivers are bigger streams

Front 30

River systems can be divided into three zones. Name those zones

Back 30

Sediment production (where erosion dominates) Sediment transport and sediment deposition

Front 31

Where is the zone of production located on a stream

Back 31

the headwaters

Front 32

Where is the zone of transportation located on a stream

Back 32

the trunk stream

Front 33

Where is the zone of deposition located on a stream

Back 33

mouth

Front 34

laminar flow

Back 34

The movement of water particles in straight-line paths that are parallel to the channel. The water particles move downstream without mixing.