Chapter 16 Pericardial Effusion And Tamponade

Front 1

A pericardial effusion is an abnormal amount or type of fluid between the____ and,_____ layers of the pericardium.

Back 1

Parietal

Visceral

Front 2

Loculated pericardial effusion is rare except for post-opp cardiac surgery or _______ diseases

Back 2

Metatastic diseases

Front 3

Pericardial effusion may be acute or____

Back 3

Chronic

Front 4

Etiology of pericardial effusion

Secondary is due to _____ or ____

Back 4

Trauma or injury

Front 5

Etiology of pericardial effusion page 259

Back 5

Differential diagnosis

Front 6

2D echo of PEff

Back 6

Back (Definition)

Front 7

Small PEFff anterior to DOA

Back 7

Posterior is plural effusion

Front 8

Which windows provide excellent visualization of the pericardial effusion both anterior and posterior to the heart?

Back 8

Subcostal SAX and subcostal LAX

Front 9

Why do some pericardial effusion have fibrin stands present?

Back 9

They are long standing and/or associated with metastatic diseases.

Front 10

Pericardial effusion frequently originate near the ____ atrium because it has the _____ pressure of the four chambers. The best view to visualize this is either the _____ or ______

Back 10

Right atrium

Lowest pressure

Apical 4C or subcostal 4C

Front 11

Tamponade is an elevation of intra pericardial pressure due to a pericardial effusion that is"crushing" the heart 💔, the result is an elevation and equalization of intra cardiac pressures, recessed diastolic filling that progressively worsens and ______ stroke volume

Back 11

Reduced

In other words the pressure inside the pericardium is greater than in the heart chambers/chamber

Front 12

A large PEff is> or= ___ cm all the way around heart , globally

A small pericardial effusion is < ___ cm and it is often loculated and in the region of the _____ heart or left atrium. A ____ tamponade may result.

Back 12

1 cm

1 cm

Right

Regional

Front 13

Etiology of tamponade

Back 13

Tamponade

Front 14

Complications of tamponade are ______, ________and possible _____

Back 14

Hypotension, shock, death

Front 15

The facts, treatment

Back 15

Treatment page 262

Front 16

In 2D echo with tamponade you will see a pericardial effusion, the right atrium will collapse in late _____ or early ____. The right ventricle has ______ collapse.

Back 16

Systole

Diastole

Diastolic

Front 17

In 2D echo with tamponade you will see paradoxical septal motion, that's when the left ventricle walls move _____ to one another rather than contracting and expanding simultaneously.

Back 17

Parallel

Front 18

With 2D echo you might see right ventricle and left ventricle volume changes with ______. Swinging heart is possible, and a ____ IVC ____ inspiratory collapse during sniff test.

Back 18

Respiration

Dilated

Without

Front 19

Echo findings of the left heart in tamponade

Back 19

Right heart in tamponade

Front 20

1.

2.

3.

4.

Back 20

1. Pericardial effusion

2. RA collapse late systole or early diastole

3. RV collapse during diastole

4. Paradoxical wall motion , parallel movement

Front 21

1.

2,

3.

Back 21

1. PEff

3. RV diastolic collapse

4. Paradoxical septal wall motion

Front 22

Mmode with tamponade

Back 22

M-mode with tamponade

Front 23

M-mode with tamponade

2. Diastolic collapse of RV

3. Paradoxical wall motion of IVS

Back 23

Doppler with tamponade

Front 24

Respiratory variations with tamponade Doppler

Back 24

Decree sweep speed to 25mm/ sec

Go to physio to put respirameter on.

Front 25

Tricuspid increases on inspiration

Back 25

MV increases in expiration