Chapter 16 Innate Immunity

Front 1

Innate Immunity

Back 1

defenses that are present at birht, no memory response.

Front 2

Adaptive immunity

Back 2

based on a specific response to a specific microbe has breached the innate immunity defenses.

Front 3

1st line of defense

Back 3

intact skin, mucous membranes, normal microbiota, pyhsical & chemical factors,

Front 4

2nd line of defense

Back 4

WBC-phagocytes, inflammaion, fever, antimicrobial substance, complement interferon

Front 5

Specific defense 3rd line of defense

Back 5

1. resistance 2nd contact faster
2. better response(memory cells)

T&B lymphocyte activation
memory cells

Front 6

Dermis

Back 6

skins inner portion compsed of connective tissue

Front 7

Epidermis

Back 7

outer, thinner portion , direct contact with the exteral environment

Front 8

Keratin

Back 8

top layer of epidermal cells is dead and contains a protective protien

Front 9

Sebum

Back 9

chemical factor- prevents hair from drying and becoming brittle. protective film over the surface of the skin

Front 10

perspiration

Back 10

Chemical factor- contains lysozyme enzyme capable of breaking down call wall of gram +

Front 11

commensalism

Back 11

one organism uses the body of a larger organism as its pyhiscal environment and may mke use of thebody to obtain nutrients . while the other is unaffected.

Front 12

Granulocytes

Back 12

2nd line defense- large granules in their cytoplasm that can be seen under a light microscope

Front 13

Neutrophiles

Back 13

highly phagocytic and motile are active in the inital stages of an infection

Front 14

Basophiles

Back 14

release histamine important in inflammation and allergic responses

Front 15

Eosinophils

Back 15

phagocytic and also have the ability to leave the blood, produce toxic protiens against certain parasites.

Front 16

Agranulocyte

Back 16

monocytes, dendrtic cellsm lymphocytes

Front 17

Monocytes

Back 17

not phagocytic til they leave circulating blood, and enter body tissues and mature into macropahges.

Front 18

Dendritic cells

Back 18

destroy microbes by phagocytosis and to intiate adaptive immunity responses

Front 19

Natrual killer cells

Back 19

found in the blood and spleen, lymph nodes, and red bone marrow.

Front 20

Perforin

Back 20

inserts into plasma memebrane of the target cell and creates channels in the membrane.

Front 21

Cytolysis

Back 21

extacellular fluid flows into the target cell and the cell bursts

Front 22

lymphatic system

Back 22

cosists of lymph, vessels, stem cells develop into blood cells including lymphocytes. Lymphatic vessels begin as l capillaries located in spaces between cells. lymphatic capillaries permit interstital fluid derived from blood plasma to flow into them but not out.

Front 23

Lymphoid tissue

Back 23

throughout the mucous membrane that line th GI, Resp, Urniary, and reproductive. Protect against microbes that are ingested or inhaled. tonsils, Peyer's patch in the small intestine

Front 24

Chemotaxis

Back 24

is the chemical attraction of phagocytes to microorganisms

Front 25

Adherence

Back 25

is the attachment of the phagocyte's plasma membrane to the surface of the microorganism or the other foreign material

Front 26

Opsonization

Back 26

microorganisms can be more readily phagocytized if they are fist coated with certain serum protiens that promote attachment of the microorganisms to the phagocyte.

Front 27

Ingestion

Back 27

the phagocyte extends projections called pseudopods that engulf the microorganisms

Front 28

Digestion

Back 28

phagosome pinches off from the plasma membrane and enters the cytoplsam

Front 29

Inflammation

Back 29

second line of defense- redness, painheat and swellin

Front 30

Vasodialtaion

Back 30

increases blood flow to the damaged area and is responsible for the redness and heat associated with inflammation.

Front 31

Increased permeability

Back 31

permits defensive substances normally retained in the blood to pass through the walls of the blood vessels and enter the injured area.

Front 32

Edema

Back 32

accumlation if fluid of inflammation

Front 33

Histamine

Back 33

vasodialtion, more blood more WBC to area, fluid loss from capillaries increases permability, fluid gain to area

Front 34

Fever

Back 34

hypothalamus controlled increses metabolic rate of eukarytoic cells & phagocytic cells

Front 35

Complement system

Back 35

is a defensive ssystem consisting of over 30 protiens produced by the liver and found circulating in blood serum and within tissues throughout the body. Innate immunity response not adaptable and does not change

Front 36

Interferons

Back 36

Class of similar antiviral protiens by certain animal cells, such as lymphocytes and macrophages after viral stimulation. One of the function of the principle functions of interferons is to interfere with viral multiplication. Host cell specific