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26 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
A group of like organisms that are capable of reproducing viable offspring in nature
species
based on similarities/differences in structure; easy to observe
morphological species
can interbreed
biological species
all the members of the same species that live in a particular location at the same time and have to potential to interbreed
population
members of a _______ population, event though of the same species, are somewhat different genetically
population
a difference in genotype usually results in a difference in _______
phenotype
often, variation in traits are due also to ______ as well
environmental factors
alternate version of the same gene
allele
variations in genotype arise through:
mutation
recombination
crossing–over
the collection of genes for all the traits in a population (contains all the alleles for all the genes)
gene pool
percentage of a specific allele of a gene in the gene pool
allele frequency
a population in which allele frequencies do not change from one generation to the next is said to be in
genetic equilibrium
to maintain genetic equilibrium, several conditions must be met:
-no mutations
-no migrations
-large populations
-random mating
-no selection of alleles (no natural selection)
when gene frequencies change over time (Hardy-Weinberg does NOT hold true) then ______ happens
evolution
factors that cause change in gene pools:
mutation
migration
genetic drift
natural selection
allele frequencies in a population change as a result of random events or chance
genetic drift
some alleles are more favorable to have than others
natural selection
selection that favors the most common variation
stabilizing selection
shift in the bell curve one way or the other
disruptive selection
selection that doesnt favor the most common variation of the trait with in the population
disruptive selection
mate preferences based on traits, usually some physical feature
sexual selection
the evolution of one or more species from a single ancestor species
speciation
when a species has been geographically separated and over time no longer can _______
reproduce
developed the theory of evolution
Darwin
______ control heritable traits
genes
many genes have at least _____ alleles
2