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23 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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body system that includes internal organs that secrete hormones
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Endocrine System
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ductless glands that empty their hormonal products directly into the blood
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endocrine glands
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glands that have ducts through which their secretions are carried to a particular site
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exocrine glands
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chemical messengers
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hormones
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exocrine glands produce nonhormonal substances such as ________ and _________ and have ducts that carry these substances to a membrane surface.
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sweat and saliva
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list the endocrine glands
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pituitary, thyroid, parathyroid, adrenal, and pineal
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the hypothalmus is considered a __________ organ
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neuroendocrine
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chemicals that exert their effects on the same cells that secrete them
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autocrines
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a chemical messenger that acts locally within the same tissue and is rapidly destroyed. examples are prostaglandins and nitric oxide
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paracrine
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nearly all hormones are classified chemically as either amino acid based or steroids. Most of them being amino acid based.
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true
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only adrenocortical and gonadal hormones are steroids
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true
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a given hormone influences the activity if only certain tissue cells referred to as its _______ ______
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target cells
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the action of cAMP persists only briefly because the molecule is rapidly degraded by the intracellular enzyme ____________
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phosphodiesterase
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Steroids are synthesized from:
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cholesterol
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Down-regulation involves the loss of receptors and prevents the target cells from overreacting to persistently high hormone levels.
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true
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When one hormone opposes the action of another hormone, the interaction is called _____.
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antagonism
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Which of the following stimulates most body cells to increase in size and divide?
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Growth hormone
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Which of the following homeostatic imbalances results from hyposecretion of growth hormone?
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Pituitary dwarfism
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Which of the following hormones stimulates gamete (sperm or egg) production?
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FSH
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As blood levels of ___________ rise, the expulsive contractions of labor gain momentum and finally end in birth.
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oxytocin
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The cells found within the parathyroid gland that secrete parathyroid hormone are called _______.
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chief cells
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Which of the following conditions, if left untreated, progresses to respiratory paralysis and death?
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Hypoparathyroidism
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Which of the following homeostatic imbalances usually results from deficits in both glucocorticoids and mineralocorticoids?
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Addison's disease
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