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18 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What form is a cell in for most of its life? |
- Most of a cells life cycle is spent as a mass of long, intertwined strands called chromatin |
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Explain the difference between a parent cell and a daughter crll |
Parent cell: the original cell Daughter cell: each new cell |
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What are the highly organized group of proteins that DNA compacts within the cell? |
Histones |
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Why are the X and Y chromosomes known as the sex chromosomes? |
- the sex chromosomes are counted as a pair even though they are not homologous - females has two X chromosomes - males have one X and one Y - the sex chromosomes are the 23rd pair of chromosomes and determine a persons genetic sex |
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What are the chromosomes 1-22 called? |
Autosomes (homologous chromosomes) |
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What are the cells that contain pairs of homologous chromosomes called? |
Diploid |
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What is the name of a cell that contains unpaired chromosomes? |
Haploid |
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What kind of cell are human gametes? |
Haploid (n+n) = 46 2n =46 n = 23 |
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What is it called when an organism have sets of more than two homologous chromosomes? |
Polyploid |
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What is the particular set of chromosomes that an individual posses called? |
Karyotype |
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How do scientists prepare a karyotype? |
- collect a cell sample and use chemicals to stop the cell cycle when the condensed chromosomes are are most clearly visible under a microscope - they then stain the cells to help them identify the individual chromosomes - they photograph the stained images and organize them in a series of homologous pairs |
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What stage life of the somatic cells is spent the most? |
Interphase |
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What happens in interphase and what are the three stages? |
- in interphase the cell carries out its regular metabolic functions and prepares for its next division - contains G1 phase, S phase, and G2 phase |
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Explain the different between G1 phase, S phase, and G2 phase? |
- G1: rapid growth and metabolic activity - S: DNA synthesis and replication - G2: cell prepares for division |
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What are the second identical sets of DNA called? |
Sister chromatids |
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Explain mitosis |
- the division of the genetic material and the contents of the nucleus into two complete and separate identical cells |
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Explain cytokinesis |
- the division of the cytoplasm and the organelles into two separate cells |
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What are the three important functions of mitosis and cytokinesis? |
- growth: they enable organisms to grow from a single cell zygote into a mature organism - maintenance: they produce new cells to replace worn out dead cells - repair: they can regenerate damaged tissues (ie. cuts) |
