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19 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Central Dogma of Biology |
DNA is transcribed into RNA, RNA is translated into proteins |
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Polynucleotides |
DNA and RNA; consist of phosphate backbone and different nitrogenous bases= nucleotides are linked by covalent bonds between phosphate of one nucleotide and sugar of the next |
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Nucleotide |
Consist of a phosphate backbone, nitrogenous base, and sugar |
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Phosphodiester bonds |
Link sugars and phosphates in nucleotide |
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Bonding order of nitrogenous bases |
A to T (or U in RNA) and G to C |
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Nucleoside |
Sugar and nitrogenous base |
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Purines |
Adenine and Guanine |
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Pyrimidines |
Cytosine, Thymine, Uracil |
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Difference between DNA and RNA in nucleotides |
presence of hydroxyl group on 5c sugar in RNA |
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Order of synthesis of DNA strand |
5' end to 3' end |
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DNA polymerase |
Enzyme that adds activated nucleotides to template strand and also proofreads |
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Leading strand |
3' end is far away from replication fork, is replicated continuously |
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Lagging strand |
5' end is far away from replication fork; is replicated in fragments called Okazaki Fragments |
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Helicase |
Enzyme complex that unwinds original DNA helix |
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Primase |
Type of RNA polymerase which creates a RNA primer which in turn is used by DNA polymerase to replicate the DNA (usually done around 10 nucleotides at a time) |
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Ligase |
Join segments of DNA/Okazaki fragments |
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Primer |
Short segment of RNA synthesized by primes, eventually replaced by DNA |
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Origins of Replication |
In order to replicate entire DNA, replication must begin at different places |
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Replication Fork |
Site where DNA strands divide |
