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43 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Compare ANS with somatic nervous system for the following:
# of neurons between CNS and effector organ |
ANS
2 (pre and post ganglion) Somatic 1 |
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Compare ANS with somatic nervous system for the following:
location of neuronal cell bodies |
ANS
CNS and autonomic ganglia Somatic CNS |
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Compare ANS with somatic nervous system for the following:
structures each innervates |
ANS
smooth muscle cardiac glands Somatic skeletal muscles |
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Compare ANS with somatic nervous system for the following:
inhibitory or excitatory effects |
ANS
both excitatory or inhibitory Somatic Always excitatory |
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Compare ANS with somatic nervous system for the following:
conscious or unconscious |
ANS
mostly unconscious Somatic mostly conscious |
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What is a preganglionic neuron?
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First neurons of the series going from CNS (brainstem or lateral horn of s.c. gray mater) to autonomic ganglia
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What is a postganglionic neuron?
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second neurons of series going from autonomic ganglia to target organ
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Where are the cell bodies of sympathetic preganglionic neurons located?
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lateral horns of spinal cord gray matter T1-L2
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What types of axon (preganglionic or post, myelinated or un) are found in white and gray rami communicantes?
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pre=myelinated, small in diameter
white matter rami communicans post=unmyelinated, gray matter rami communicans |
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Describe spinal nerve synapses
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pregang axons go thru white rami communicans to sympathetic chain ganglion
(some synapse on same level, others go up or down to synapse) Postgang exits via gray matter rami communicans and enters a spinal nerve |
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Discuss a sympathetic nerve synapse
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pregang go thru white matter rami communicans to sympathetic chain ganglion,
goes up or down or stays and exits via postgang axon thru gray matter rami communicans to SYMPATHETIC nerve |
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Discuss splanchinc nerve synapse
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pregang axon goes via white rami communicans (bypassing the sympathetic chain ganglion) to collateral ganglion where it synapses with postgang axon and goes to target
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What's different about splanchnic nerves and the adrenal gland?
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only has pregang neurons
synapses with adrenal medulla (specialized cells similar to postgang cells) |
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What does the adrenal gland secrete and what is it good for?
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epinephrine and norepinephrine
prepares the individual for physical activity |
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What is sympathetic division?
What is parasympathetic division? |
T1-L2
S2-S4 cranial nerve nuclei in brainstem or lateral horns of gray matter in sacral spinal cord |
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Where does the parasympathetic synapse take place?
Where are these? |
terminal ganglia
near or in target organ |
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What is the enteric nerve plexus?
What does it consist of? |
within the wall of the digestive tract
sensory neurons, ANS motor neurons and enteric neurons |
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How does sympathetic axons reach target organs?
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spinal nerves
head and neck plexuses thoracic nerve plexuses abdominopelvic nerve plexuses |
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How do parasympathetic axons reach target organs?
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cranial nerves
thoracic nerve plexuses abdominopelvic nerve plexuses pelvic splanchnic nerves |
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What is a cholinergic neuron?
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a neuron that secretes ACh
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What is an adrenergic neuron?
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a neuron that secretes norepinephrine (or epinephrine)
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What are the cholinergic neurons?
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pregang sympathetic
pregang parasympathetic postgang parasympathetic |
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What are the adrenergic neurons?
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almost all postgang sympathetic
(a few thermo sweat glands are cholinergic) |
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What receptors does ACh bind to?
Where are they? |
nicotinic
found in all post gang neurons muscarinic found in all parasympathetic and some sympathetic effector organs |
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What receptors does Epinephrine and Norepinephrine bind to?
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alpha and beta receptors
found in most sympathetic effector organs |
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Which receptor is always excitatory?
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Nicotinic
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What do autonomic reflexes control most of the activity in?
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visceral organs
glands blood vessels |
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How does the Cerebrum and Limbic system influence the ANS?
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Through hypothalamus
anterior = para posterior=sympathetic body temperature too homeostasis |
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how does the brainstem influence ANS?
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reflex centers for pupil size
accommodation tear production salivation coughing swallowing digestive activities heart rate and force of contraction blood vessel diameter respiration |
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How does spinal cord influence ANS
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reflex centers for regulating defecation
urination penile and clitoral erection ejaculation |
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What are the cranial nerves in the parasympathetic division?
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III (Oculomotor)
XII (Facial) IX (glossopharengeal) X (vagus) |
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What's another term for sympathetic chain ganglion?
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paravertebral ganglia
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What parasympathetic function does the facial nerve control?
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secretion of
saliva tears nasal secretions |
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name 3 parasympathetic fibers of vagus nerve from autonomic plexuses
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cardiac
esophageal pulmonary |
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What autonomic plexus is formed by sacral parasympathetic fibers?
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inferior hypogastric
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Name 3 collateral ganglion of the sympathetic division
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celiac
inferior mesenteric superior mesenteric |
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What is a cilliary ganglion?
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terminal ganglion of parasympathetic division
oculomotor goes thru it to innervate ciliary muscles and iris |
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What does the celiac plexus supply?
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diaphragm
stomach spleen liver gallbladder arenal glands kidneys testesj ovaries |
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What does the superior mesenteric plexus supply?
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pancreas,
small intestine ascending colon transverse colon |
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What do the superior and inferior hypogastric plexuses supply?
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descending colon
urinary bladder reproductive organs |
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What ganglions is the facial nerve associated with?
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pterygopalatine ganglion
submandibular |
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What is atropine used for
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dilating eyes in eye exam
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What is albuterol do and used for
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dilate bronchioles in asthma
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