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22 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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allergen
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a substance that causes an allergic reaction
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allergic reaction
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the body's exaggerated immune response to an internal or surface agent
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histamines
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substances released by the immunes system in allergic reactions that are responsible for many of the symptoms of anaphylaxis
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leukotrienes
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chemical substances that contribute to anaphylaxis; released by the immune system in allergic reaction
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stridor
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a harsh, high-pitched, barking inspiratory sound often heard in acute laryngeal (upper airway) obstruction or narrowing
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toxin
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a poison or harmful substance
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urticaria
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hives; small spots of generalized itching and/or burning that appears as multiple raised areas on the skin
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wheal
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a raised, swollen, well-defined area on the skin resulting from an insect bite or allergic reaction
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wheezing
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a high-pitched, whistling breath sound, usually caused by a constriction of the smaller tubes of the lungs and typically heard on expiration
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anaphylaxis
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an extreme, possibly life-threatening systemic allergic reaction that may include shock and respiratory failure.
(common signs are wheezing and urticaria) |
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The Five Categories of Allergens
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1. Insect bites and stings (envenomation). sometimes applying ice helps the affected area, and with honeybee stings, you should attempt to gently scrap the skin with a credit card or something similar to remove the stinger
2. Medications: injected meds like penicillin may cause immediate reaction (30 minutes) and severe allergic reaction. Orally (more then 30 minutes till reaction) 3. Plants (dust, pollen, etc.) 4. Food (shellfish, nuts, etc.) a reaction within 30 minutes 5. Chemicals (makeup, soap, latex) |
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envenomation
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the act of injecting venom
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anaphylaxis
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an extreme, possibly life-threatening systemic allergic reaction that may include shock and respiratory failure.
(common signs are wheezing and urticaria) |
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epinephrine
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a substance produced by the body (commonly called adrenaline), and a drug produced by pharmaceutical companies that increases pulse rate and BP; the drug of choice for an anaphylactic reaction
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The Five Categories of Allergens
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1. Insect bites and stings (envenomation). sometimes applying ice helps the affected area, and with honeybee stings, you should attempt to gently scrap the skin with a credit card or something similar to remove the stinger
2. Medications: injected meds like penicillin may cause immediate reaction (30 minutes) and severe allergic reaction. Orally (more then 30 minutes till reaction) 3. Plants (dust, pollen, etc.) 4. Food (shellfish, nuts, etc.) a reaction within 30 minutes 5. Chemicals (makeup, soap, latex) |
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How to Keep the Airways Open
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- place the PT in the tripod position
- if necessary assist patient with ventilation (BVM) |
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envenomation
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the act of injecting venom
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Signs and Symptoms
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- Respiratory System: sneezing, wheals, hoarseness, persistant dry cough, rapid-labored-noisy respiration, stridor, wheezing
- Skin:may cause swelling in lips-tongue-surrounding tissue, cyanosis, itchiness, urticaria, warm-tingly feeling in the face-mouth-chest-extremities - other finding: anxiety, H/A, itchy-watery eyes, decreased mental status, - circulation: lower BP, lower Pulse, cyanosis, pale, unconsciousness-coma |
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epinephrine
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a substance produced by the body (commonly called adrenaline), and a drug produced by pharmaceutical companies that increases pulse rate and BP; the drug of choice for an anaphylactic reaction
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How to Keep the Airways Open
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- place the PT in the tripod position
- if necessary assist patient with ventilation (BVM) |
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Signs and Symptoms
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- Respiratory System: sneezing, wheals, hoarseness, persistant dry cough, rapid-labored-noisy respiration, stridor, wheezing
- Skin:may cause swelling in lips-tongue-surrounding tissue, cyanosis, itchiness, urticaria, warm-tingly feeling in the face-mouth-chest-extremities - other finding: anxiety, H/A, itchy-watery eyes, decreased mental status, - circulation: lower BP, lower Pulse, cyanosis, pale, unconsciousness-coma |
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The steps to proper Epinephrin Administration
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1. remove the safety cap
2. place the tip of the auto-injector against the lateral thigh 3. push the injector firmly and hold pressure for 10 seconds 4. remove injector 5. record time and dose 6. reassess and record |
