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68 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Who were the first Europeans to voyage into unknown waters?
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Portugal
Spain |
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What were the early explorers driven by?
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Curiosity
religious aims economic aims |
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Who was called the Navigator?
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Prince Henry of Portugal
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Why did Portugal want to explore?
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Prince Henry wanted gold and to start a Crusade against Muslims in Africa and join forces with priest and King Prester John
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What did Prince Henry start to help accomplish his goals?
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Founded a school of sailing and navigation at Sagres--some historians dispute the existance of the school
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What did Bartholomeu Dias do?
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Sailed around the Cape of Good Hope at the southern tip of Africa-- he found the route to the Indian Ocean
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What did Vasco de Gama do?
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He sailed beyond the Cape of Good Hope east to the Indian Ocean --landed in India--next trip returned with spices and jewels
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Da Gama's success resulted in
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They could bring back rich cargoes from Asia
direct ocean route saved $-bought goods directly from Asia not Arab or Italian middle men ship was cheeper to carry cargo long distances than animal wagons no tolls to pay |
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Who ruled Spain and sent Christoper Columbus to explore?
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King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella
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What inspired Columbus to sail west instead of going around tip of africa?
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Inspired by Marco Polo
Infuenced by Ptolemy's theory earth is round thought it would by quicker to go west to Asia |
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Where did Columbus set sail from?
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Palos, Spain
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Columbus's 3 ships
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Nina
Pinta Santa Maria |
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What date did Columbus set sail?
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Oct. 12, 1492
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Where did Columbus land?
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Small fleet islands Columbus named San Salador
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What did Columbus believe he discovered for the rest of his life?
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He thought he had landed off the coast of Asia
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Why did Columbus call the inhabitants Indians?
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He thought he was on the east coast of India and called the islands the Indies
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What was really discovered by Columbus?
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The Americas known as West Indies today
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What was Columbian Exchange?
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Years after Columbus's Voyages a massive interaction between the New World and Old World
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What did the Exchange include?
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Moved products, plants, animals,diseases
gold and silver |
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What helped Spain to become a world power?
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American precious metals
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How did interchange between Americas and Old World affect the way people lived?
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diet changed in Europe
horses and cattle brought to Americas smallpox and diseases carried west |
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What almost destroyed native population ?
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smallpox
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How did they settle conflicts when 2 countries claimed the same new lands?
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Pope Alexander VI edict--a line on the map drawn down the middle of Atlantic Ocean
Spain -west side Portugal -east side No country to occupy lands claimed by Christian ruler |
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What did the Treaty of Tordesillas say?
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moved the line on the map west --the treaty was between Spain and Portugal
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What did Pedro Cabral discover?
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Reached east coast of South America by accident in 1500--he was blown off coarse and reached Brazil and claimed it for Portugal because of Treaty of Tordesillas
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Spain controlled most of
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Central America
South America Phillippines |
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Portugal controlled most of
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territory of Brizillian coast
both east and west coast of Africa and Asia East Indies |
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How did America the New World get its name?
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Amerigo Vespucci frome Florence was convienced that the land was a New World not part of Asia--
A German mapmaker called it America after Vespucci's first name in latin Americus |
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What did Vasco Nunez de Balboa do?
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Discovered South Sea claimed it for Spain (Pacific Ocean)
New World was a distinct landmass separate from Asia |
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Ferdinand Magellan discovered and named what?
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Pacific Ocean--Balboa's South Sea
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Who completed first round world voyage?
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Magellans crew
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Who led Magellans crew ?
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Juan Sebastian de Elcano
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What happened to Megellan?
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He died in fight with the islanders of the Phillippines after claiming it for Spain
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The port where the Portuguese made their administrative center?
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Goa
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A group of islands Europeans called the Spice Islands that Portugal conquered?
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Moluccas Islands
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Why was it benificial to the Portuguese to take control of the island of Ceylon(Sri Lanka)adding it to their chain of trading bases?
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It helped dominate trade with the East Indies-its key location between Goa and Malacca
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Malacca was also a
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conquest of the Portuguese on the southwest coast of the Malay Peninsula
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Where did Portugal have a large colony in the Americas?
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Brazil
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What did the colony of Brazil do for Portugal?
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It established enormous agriculture estates that grew sugar for export
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Relationship between Portugal and African King at first was?
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Portugal went to Africa as Christian missionaries to convert
friendly relations King of Kongo accepted baptism and sent envoys from Kongo back to Europe |
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What caused relationship to colasp between the Portuguese and the African Kongo?
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economic interest of Portugal traders that centered on slavery
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The the slave trade began when Portugal set up
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the sugar plantations off the coast of West Central Africa that required a large number of slaves
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Where did they get the slaves?
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from the African mainland
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As plantation agriculture spread to Brizil and the Caribbean islands the demand for slaves
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increased
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The slave trade served as the chief purpose of
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European relations with Africa
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Who annexed Portugal?
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Spain
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Who emerged as the leading naval power and became active in the slave trade?
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Dutch
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The Dutch also took over some of whose colonies?
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Portugal's East Indies
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Later who became involved in slave trade?
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English and French
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a system of trade involving 3 stages one of which was the transatlantic slave trade
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trianglular trade
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In the first stage of the triangular trade merchants shipped
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Cotton goods, weapons, liquor to Africa in exchange for slaves or gold
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The second stage of trianglualr trade was the
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Middle Passage
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The Middle Passage was the
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shipment of slaves across the Atlantic to the Americas
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In the Americas the traders sold slaves for
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produce from the plantations
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To complete the triangle merchants sent the plantations products to
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Europe where they were used to buy manufactured products to be sold in the Americas
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Conditions of Middle Passage were
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BRUTAL AND DEHUMANIZING
chained slaves in overcrowded hold of ship-preventing jumping overboard or organizing rebellion little food, water or sanitation(bathroom) Many died before they got there |
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About how many slaves were carried on European slave ships?
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60,0000 each year
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How many African survived the journey to become slaves in the Americas?
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10 million
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How many died during Middle Passage?
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1.5 million
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What caused Africa's population not to increase during 1650-1800(150 years)when Europe's population grew rapidly?
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Africans died in slave trade many died during process of enslavement by fellow Africans and hard trip from interior of Africa to coast
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Who profited in West Africa from the slave trade?
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Asante group
Benin and Dahomey Kingdoms |
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Many African societies pracitced slavery before the arrival of the Europeans--they were obtained though
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war or in raids
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Difference in African slavery was
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Africans preferred women and children for labor
killed males because they caused trouble or escaped allowed slaves to buy back freedom treated slaves as a role in society |
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European thoughts on slaves was
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males were preferred because of the manual labor work on the plantations
they considered slaves as property |
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What help did Africans give Europeans in slave trade?
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Gather and transportion
Africans willing joined to obtain arms and goods from Europe some had to participate or become victims |
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What had a disastrous effect on the future of the continent of Africa?
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The demand for slaves led to increase slave raiding
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What let to Portuga's decline?
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Shakey financial base
drain on population Spain annexed Portugal |
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What 2 colonies continued to serve as major Portuguese colonies?
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Brizil
Angola |
